Iceberg Model

There are many different versions of this model, most of them convey the concept that the bulk of the factors that control what is visible fall below the water line and are invisible. 

The iceberg is a helpful framework for unpacking a complex challenge at multiple levels. Events, patterns and trends are visible, and we often have measurements and mechanisms for tracking these visible elements. We generally react to what we see and try to anticipate what will happen. But below the surface are the invisible elements, the systems, structures and mental models which we need to shift if we want the events, patterns and trends to change.  Shifting the parts of the system that are invisible often requires regeneration, redesign and reframing.  The very bottom of an iceberg may be physically small. but can have a significant impact on the position of the iceberg as a whole.