1. The following item is essential to scientific method and research . . .
(a) institutional permission; especially if humans are involved
(b) a sample size numbering at least 30 subjects
(c) a null hypothesis
(d) inferential statistics
(e) machine readable data
2. An hypothesis is. . . .
(a) testable question suggesting a possible relationship
(b) is a confounding set of variables
(c) only for quantitative data
(d) for laboratory research only
(e) an explanation for failed results.
3. Define what inferential statistics attempt or do.
4. The mean, media and mode all show . . . .
(a) variance of a variable
(b) correlation of two or more variables
(c) central tendency
(d) predictive strength
(e) number of categories a variable may occupy
5. A null hypothesis
(a) is always disproven by experiment
(b) is always validated by data
(c) is a measure of central tendency
(d) is the philosophical basis of a research question
(e) is the accepted outcome of a study in which the hypothesis fails
6. What is the difference between a sample and a census? How are they alike?
7. How does one demonstrate causation? Describe in terms of independent, dependent and control variables.
8. What is a “confounding” or intervening variable? How does one control them?
9. Describe what interval and ordinal data are. Contrast them, giving an example of each.
10. How can one assess or measure validity. Describe at least one way (there are several).