• Response rate: This is calculated based on the number of students taking the survey among the students enrolled in the course. Learn more about response rates here.
• Mean score: Summarizes the overall (or average) response to the question and is computed based on the scores assigned to response options.
• Standard deviation: Describes the degree of variation in responses. A smaller standard deviation indicates consistent responses (i.e., most students selected the same response options), while a larger standard deviation indicates a wider range of responses.
• Mean scores among units at the 25^th, 50^th, and 75^th percentile: These are the 25^th, 50^th, and 75^th percentiles mean scores among the academic units that participated in CES for each semester; they summarize how mean scores are distributed across units by providing the lower, middle, and upper end of the distribution.
• T-test: A statistical test used to determine if the difference in mean scores between two groups is statistically significant (i.e., unlikely to be due to chance). This difference is considered statistically significant when the p-value of the test is below a pre-determined alpha level. For the dashboard, a Welch T-Test with an alpha level set at 0.05 is used to determine statistical significance.
• p-value: The probability that any observed difference between groups is due to chance. Due to limitations of the dashboard platform, only an estimated p-value is presented.

Read what the literature has to offer on using student feedback and connect with experts in the Centre for Educational Excellence (CEE) and Transforming Inquiry into Learning and Teaching (TILT), formerly known as ISTLD.