StatsApps

Elementary Probability Rules

Given two events A and B, basic probability rules can help us determine the probability of the union or intersection of the events.


Applet about general introduction to probability

Here is an applet link about a virtual coin toss: Toss Virtual Coins

This applet allows the user to select the probability of heads and the number of tosses. By clicking the "TOSS" button, the applet shows the process of tossing coins virtually and calculates the probability of tossing a head. By clicking the "Show true probability" button, users can compare the probability of tossing a head that users get and the actual probability. Also, the site provides some tests in the "Quiz Me" section to help users understand the definition of probability better.

Author: Statistical Applets.

Addition Rule

The addition rule is used to determine the probability of at least one of two (or more) events occurring. In general, the probability of either event A or B is given by:

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

If A and B are mutually exclusive, this means they cannot occur together, i.e. P(A and B)=0. Therefore, for mutually exclusive events the probability of either A or B occurring is given by:

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Multiplication Rule

The multiplication rule gives the probability that two (or more) events happen together. In general, the probability of both events A and B occurring is given by:

P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B|A) = P(B) x P(A|B)