![]() Chapter Contents |
![]() Previous |
![]() Next |
Specialized Control Charts |
The standard Shewhart analysis assumes that sampling
variation, also referred to as within-group
variation, is the only source of variation. Writing
xij for the j th measurement within the
i th subgroup, you can express the model for the
conventional and R chart as
for i = 1, 2, ... , k and j = 1, 2, ... , n. The random variables
In a process such as film manufacturing, this model is not adequate because there is additional variation due to changes in temperature, pressure, raw material, and other factors. Instead, a useful model is
where
To plot the subgroup averages
on a control chart, you need expressions for the
expectation and variance of
. These are
Thus, the central line should be located at
where
proc mixed data=film; class sample; model testval = / s; random sample; make 'solutionf' out=sf; make 'covparms' out=cp; run;The results are shown in Figure 49.11. Note that the parameter estimates are
The following statements merge the output data sets from the MIXED procedure into a SAS data set named NEWLIM that contains the appropriately derived control limit parameters for the average test value:
data cp; set cp sf; keep est; proc transpose data=cp out=newlim; data newlim; set newlim; drop _name_ _label_ col1-col3; length _var_ _subgrp_ _type_ $8; _var_ = 'testval'; _subgrp_ = 'sample'; _type_ = 'estimate'; _limitn_ = 4; _mean_ = col3; _stddev_ = sqrt(4*col1 + col2); output; run;Here, the variable _LIMITN_ is assigned the value of n, the variable _MEAN_ is assigned the value of
In the following statements, the SHEWHART procedure reads these parameter estimates and displays the
symbol v=dot c=yellow; title 'Control Chart With Adjusted Limits'; proc shewhart data=film limits=newlim; xrchart testval*sample / npanelpos = 60 cframe = vigb cinfill = vlib cconnect = yellow; run;The control limits for the
You can use a similar set of statements to display the
derived control limits in NEWLIM on an and R chart for the original data (including outliers),
as shown in Figure 49.13.
A simple alternative to the chart in Figure 49.12 is an "individual measurements" chart for the subgroup means. The advantage of the variance components approach is that it yields separate estimates of the components due to lane and sample, as well as a number of hypothesis tests (these require assumptions of normality). In applying this method, however, you should be careful to use data that represent the process in a state of statistical control.
![]() |
![]() |
![]() Chapter Contents |
![]() Previous |
![]() Next |
![]() Top |
Copyright © 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.