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Identifying Upper and Lower Bounds |
array new{4} Jackson Poulenc Andrew Parson;
In the following ARRAY statement, the bounds of the first dimension are 1 and 2 and those of the second dimension are 1 and 5:
array test{2,5} test1-test10;
Bounded array dimensions have the following form:
{<lower-1:>upper-1<,...<lower-n:>upper-n>} |
Therefore, you can also write the previous ARRAY statements as follows:
array new{1:4} Jackson Poulenc Andrew Parson; array test{1:2,1:5} test1-test10;
For most arrays, 1 is a convenient lower bound, so you do not need to specify the lower bound. However, specifying both the lower and the upper bounds is useful when the array dimensions have beginning points other than 1.
In the following example, ten variables are named Year76 through Year85. The following ARRAY statements place the variables into two arrays named FIRST and SECOND:
array first{10} Year76-Year85; array second{76:85} Year76-Year85;In the first ARRAY statement, the element first{4} is variable Year79, first{7} is Year82, and so on. In the second ARRAY statement, element second{79} is Year79 and second{82} is Year82.
To process the array names SECOND in a DO group, be sure that the range of the DO loop matches the range of the array as follows:
do i=76 to 85; if second{i}=9 then second{i}=.; end;
Determining Array Bounds: LBOUND and HBOUND Functions |
The form of the LBOUND and HBOUND functions is as follows:
LBOUNDn(array-name) |
HBOUNDn(array-name) |
You can use the LBOUND and HBOUND functions to specify the starting and ending values of the iterative DO loop to process the elements of the array named SECOND:
do i=lbound{second} to hbound{second}; if second{i}=9 then second{i}=.; end;In this example, the index variable in the iterative DO statement ranges from 76 to 85.
When to Use the HBOUND Function instead of the DIM Function |
array years{72:76} first second third fourth fifth;
To process the array named YEARS in an iterative DO loop, be sure that the range of the DO loop matches the range of the array as follows:
do i=lbound(years) to hbound(years); if years{i}=99 then years{i}=.; end;The value of LBOUND(YEARS) is 72; the value of HBOUND(YEARS) is 76.
For this example, the DIM function would return a value of 5, the total count of elements in the array YEARS. Therefore, if you used the DIM function instead of the HBOUND function for the upper bound of the array, the statements inside the DO loop would not have executed.
Specifying Bounds in a Two-Dimensional Array |
X60 X61 X62 X63 X64 X65 X66 X67 X68 X69 X70 X71 X72 X73 X74 X75 X76 X77 X78 X79 X80 X81 X82 X83 X84 X85 X86 X87 X88 X89 X90 X91 X92 X93 X94 X95 X96 X97 X98 X99
The following ARRAY statement arranges the variables in an array by decades. The rows range from 6 through 9, and the columns range from 0 through 9.
array X{6:9,0:9} X60-X99;In array X, variable X63 is element X{6,3} and variable X89 is element X{8,9}. To process array X with iterative DO loops, use one of these methods:
Method 1:
do i=6 to 9; do j=0 to 9; if X{i,j}=0 then X{i,j}=.; end; end; | |
Method 2:
do i=lbound1(X) to hbound1(X); do j=lbound2(X) to hbound2(X); if X{i,j}=0 then X{i,j}=.; end; end; |
Both examples change all values of 0 in variables X60 through X99 to missing. The first example sets the range of the DO groups explicitly, and the second example uses the LBOUND and HBOUND functions to return the bounds of each dimension of the array.
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