Multidimensional Arrays

Grouping Variables in a Multidimensional Array

To create a multidimensional array, place the number of elements in each dimension after the array name in the form {n, ... } where n is required for each dimension of a multidimensional array.

From right to left, the rightmost dimension represents columns; the next dimension represents rows. Each position farther left represents a higher dimension. The following ARRAY statement defines a two-dimensional array with two rows and five columns. The array contains ten variables: five temperature measures (t1 through t5) from two cities (c1 and c2):

array temprg{2,5} c1t1-c1t5 c2t1-c2t5;

SAS places variables into a multidimensional array by filling all rows in order, beginning at the upper-left corner of the array (known as row-major order). You can think of the variables as having the following arrangement:

c1t1 c1t2 c1t3 c1t4 c1t5
c2t1 c2t2 c2t3 c2t4 c2t5

To refer to the elements of the array later with an array reference, you can use the array name and subscripts. The following table lists some of the array references for the previous example:

Variable Array reference

c1t1 temprg{1,1}

c1t2 temprg{1,2}

c2t2 temprg{2,2}

c2t5 temprg{2,5}

Variable	Array reference
c1t1	temprg{1,1}
c1t2	temprg{1,2}
c2t2	temprg{2,2}
c2t5	temprg{2,5}

Using Nested DO Loops

Multidimensional arrays are usually processed inside nested DO loops. As an example, the following is one form that processes a two-dimensional array:

DO index-variable-1=1 TO number-of-rows;

DO index-variable-2=1 TO number-of-columns;

... more SAS statements ...

END;

END;

An array reference can use two or more index variables as the subscript to refer to two or more dimensions of an array. Use the following form:

array-name {index-variable-1, ...,index-variable-n}

The following example creates an array that contains ten variables- five temperature measures (t1 through t5) from two cities (c1 and c2). The DATA step contains two DO loops.

The outer DO loop (DO I=1 TO 2) processes the inner DO loop twice.
The inner DO loop (DO J=1 TO 5) applies the ROUND function to all the variables in one row.

For each iteration of the DO loops, SAS substitutes the value of the array element corresponding to the current values of I and J.

options nodate pageno=1 linesize=80 pagesize=60;

data temps;
   array temprg{2,5} c1t1-c1t5 c2t1-c2t5;
   input c1t1-c1t5 /
         c2t1-c2t5;
   do i=1 to 2;
     do j=1 to 5;
       temprg{i,j}=round(temprg{i,j});
     end;
   end;
   datalines;
89.5 65.4 75.3 77.7 89.3
73.7 87.3 89.9 98.2 35.6
75.8 82.1 98.2 93.5 67.7
101.3 86.5 59.2 35.6 75.7
;

proc print data=temps;
   title 'Temperature Measures for Two Cities';
run;

The following data set TEMPS contains the values of the variables rounded to the nearest whole number.

Using a Multidimensional Array

Temperature Measures for Two Cities 1 Obs c1t1 c1t2 c1t3 c1t4 c1t5 c2t1 c2t2 c2t3 c2t4 c2t5 i j 1 90 65 75 78 89 74 87 90 98 36 3 6 2 76 82 98 94 68 101 87 59 36 76 3 6

The previous example can also use the DIM function to produce the same result:

do i=1 to dim1(temprg);
   do j=1 to dim2(temprg);
      temprg{i,j}=round(temprg{i,j});
   end;
end;

The value of DIM1(TEMPRG) is 2; the value of DIM2(TEMPRG) is 5.

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