Concepts

Magnetic field from a solenoid current

Overview

Compasses show the direction of the magnetic field around a solenoid. Iron filings align with the field lines.

Details

Equipment

• [1] Mounted copper solenoid
• [1] 40 A power supply with leads
• [3] Compass
• [1] Shaker of iron filings
• [1] White paper sheet
• [1] Power bar
• [1] Document camera or overhead projector

Classroom Assembly

1. Place wire and compasses, if desired, under document camera or on projector. If using document camera, place sheet of paper underneath for visibility. If using an overhead projector, focus it on the Plexiglas platform.
2. Place power supply nearby, plugged into a power bar that is plugged into mains power.
3. Attach power supply leads to wire.

Important Notes

• Do not turn on for longer than necessary since the current carrying conductor becomes hot over time and the power button on the power supply can weld open. If it does, turn it off using the power bar.
• The contacts are critical. If the demo is not working properly, loosen the contacts on the power supply and retighten.
• The Plexiglas platform will not focus on all overhead projectors. Ensure the demo will work on your classroom overhead projector in advance.
• Compass polarities can be reversed. Bring spare compasses. Undamped compasses work best for this demo.

Script

Compasses:

1. Place compasses at various locations in and around the solenoid.
2. Press and hold the power supply button to activate current. Observe deflected compass needles.
3. Release the button and remove the compasses.
4. Turn off power bar.

1. Sprinkle iron filings evenly in and around the solenoid.
2. Hold down the power supply button to activate current.
3. Tap the Plexiglas frame with your knuckles, a screwdriver, or other tool to help the iron filings "jump" to the magnetic field lines.
4. Sprinkle iron filings around the wire.
5. Release button to stop current.
6. Turn off power bar.
7. Dump iron filings onto paper sheet and put them back into the shaker.

Additional Resources