Standardizing the Z scores
Urban neighborhoods can suffer from not only one but several types of urban deprivation at the same time (Langlois, 2001). Due to the large number of variables it is necessary to normalize the deprivation scores before comparing their values within the index. In order to compare this index table with the other index tables it was necessary to establish a standard range to describe the relationship between the values in the dataset. Using each factor score, we re-scaled each weighted variable in relation to the minimum and maximum values within its field within a range of 0 to 1, with 0 representing the least deprived and 1 representing the most deprived.
(Xi - min) / DXi
Where:
Xi = the observed value
min = the minimum value of Xi
Dx = the change in Xi , as the product of (Xi max - Xi min)
In cases where the resulting table was reversed, such that the value below the mean would be more deprived and the value above the mean less deprived, a value of -1 was multiplied to the table in order that their relationship match those records where a low value (0) represented less deprived.
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