Promoting integration and connection in temporary housing for older persons experiencing homelessness

Abstract  

Social integration – that is, the extent to which a person is socially connected and engaged with other people – is a programmatic goal of supportive housing models and a strong predictor of successful housing outcomes among clients. While existing research has examined strategies to promote social integration within permanent supportive housing models, minimal research has considered how social integration can be promoted within temporary housing programs (THPs), particularly for older persons. To address this area of inquiry and inform service delivery in the housing and homelessness sector, we investigated social integration, participation, and connection in a scattered-site THP for older persons experiencing homelessness in Vancouver, Canada. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 11 current or former clients. Data were analyzed using a critical realist-informed thematic analysis method wherein theme development attempts to crystalize potential causal links between events (e.g., accessing a service) and experiences (e.g., feeling supported). We identified three themes: 1) technology resources and access can facilitate connection to individuals and organizations; 2) frequent communication with program staff enhances feelings of support and reduces isolation; 3) accessible built environments promote social connection and participation. Findings from this analysis offer novel insights into strategies to foster social integration and inclusion in THPs, such as through the creation of third spaces, and suggestions for supporting older persons on the pathway to exiting homelessness. We provide recommendations for enhanced person-centred support and program delivery based on the lived experiences of THP clients.