MAT335 - Chaos, Fractals and Dynamics
Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto
Winter, 2002
Instructor:
R. Pyke (office: at the back of the math aid centre, SS1071; email: pyke@math.toronto.edu)
Lectures: Wednesday and Friday, 8:45-10:00 a.m., SS 2127.
Office hours: To be announced (check the course web page),
but will probably be right after
classes (and by appointment).
Text: Chaos and Fractals: New Frontiers of Science,
H.-O. Peitgen, H. Jurgens, D. Saupe. Springer-Verlag, 1992.
Course web page: http://www.math.toronto.edu/courses/335
Please check the course web page regularly.
You will find comments about the course material, homework problems,
resources, and
computer programs that we will use during the course.
References (On reserve in the Gerstein Science Information
Centre, short term loan section)
- Chaos and Fractals: New Frontiers of Science, H.-O. Peitgen,
H. Jurgens, D. Saupe. (A copy of this book is also on reserve in the
mathematics library, SS622)
- The following three books are standard introductory texts for
courses such as this one. Refer to them if you want to see a more
mathematical and concise treatment than is given in
our text, as well as more examples
and a supply of exercises to help you think about the material.
- A First Course in Chaotic Dynamical Systems, R. Devaney.
- Exploring Chaos, B. Davies.
- Encounters with Chaos, D. Gulick.
You may also want to browse through sections Q 172.5, QA 447,
and QA 614.8 in
the
library, which contain books on the topics
of fractals and chaos, as well as applications.
Some popular books
For a general discussion about the history behind 'chaos theory', the
scientific ideas and the people involved, I would recommend the following
books.
- Chaos: Making a New Science, J. Gleick. (A journalist's
lucid description of the main discoveries and contributors to
'chaos theory'. No mathematics here though.)
- Does God Play Dice?, I. Stewart. (A mathematician's
(entertaining) survey of the historical development of the ideas that
lead to 'chaos theory', along with accessible explanations of the
mathematics involved.)
Videos
The audio visual library at Gerstein (one floor down) has several
videos about chaos and fractals (just type the key words 'chaos' or 'fractal'
on the on-line catalogue). We will watch one video, Fractals: An
Animated Discussion, call #002948, at some point in the course.
Web sites
There are many web sites devoted to chaos and fractals, so there is much
to explore here (eg., 'text book' descriptions, pictures,
applications in science, fractal music, etc).
Note that many universities have web sites describing the research
of 'dynamical systems' or 'nonlinear dynamics'
groups working in mathematics, physics, chemistry,
biology, computer science, and medicine.
You can start with the links listed in the resources
section of the course
web page (the 'Internet Resources' appendix of the Hypertextbook
on Chaos website lists many, many links).
Prerequisites
Students should have second year calculus (can be taken
concurrently) and a course in linear algebra. Differential equations and
complex numbers will come up, but you are not expected to have
studied these before.
Marking scheme
- Final exam : 40% of final mark
- 2 term tests (50 min. each) : 20% of final mark
- Homework : 40% of final mark
Students may be able to do a term project in lieu of writing the final exam.
Those interested in doing a project
should talk to me about possible topics
before the end of February and present to me a written outline of the project.
If the outline is satisfactory, the student will be allowed to persue the project.
The project could be, for example, a topic in the text that we didn't
cover in class, an 'experiment' using a computer program, or some topic
related to your studies in another course (some possible topics are listed
in the "suggestions for term projects"
link on the course webpage; see
the "student projects" link on the course webpage
for previous year's projects).
Students
doing the term project will also have to make a short (10-15 minutes)
presentation to me. The due date for the term project is the last day of
exams.
Students will be allowed to work individually or in
groups of 2 for the homework, but otherwise students are expected to
work independently. Homework problems will be assigned as the course progresses
(and posted on the webpage). They will be handed in for marking approximately every two weeks.
Course Outline
- Part I - Fractals
- Self-similarity, examples of classical fractals (Ch 2,3)
- Fractal dimension (Ch 4)
- Drawing fractals: Iterated Function Systems (Ch 5) and
the Chaos Game (Ch 6)
- Fractals in nature: plants, landscapes, random fractals (Ch 7,9)
- Part II - Dynamics and Chaos
- Discrete dynamical systems (iteration of functions) in one and
two dimensions: random vs deterministic systems, graphical analysis,
invariant sets, attracting sets, fixed points, periodic points,
analyzing deterministic chaos (Ch 10)
- Symbolic dynamics
- Charkovsky's Theorem. Bifurcations and the route to chaos.
Fiegenbaum final state diagram. (Ch 11)
- Strange attractors, continuous dynamical systems (differential
equations) (Ch 12)
- Part III - Complex Dynamics
- Complex numbers (section 13.2)
- Julia sets (Ch 13)
- The Mandelbrot set (Ch 14)