Complete the sentence with the best term. Please note that if your answer is not spelled correctly, the program will note it as incorrect.
Calcium and phosphate ions form __________________ crystals needed for the mineralization of bone.
The majority of calcium in the body is located in ___________.
_______________ calcium functions in hormone secretion, muscle contraction, regulation of cardiac contractility, excytosis, and the activation and inactivation of enzymes.
________________ bone forms the interior of bones and is composed of thin spicules of bone that extend from the cortex to the medulla.
_______________ or compact bone forms the outer layer of all bones and the shafts of long bones.
The primary protein found in bone is ___________________.
The protein ___________________ is synthesized by osteoblasts and binds to calcium. It is thought to participate in the nucleation of bone mineralization.
The bone protein ___________________ binds to both calcium and collagen and facilitates bone mineralization.
Integrins in the cell membrane of osteoclasts attach to ____________________, a protein in the bone matrix
Bone pleuripotent stem cells are called ______________ cells.
RANK ligand and osteoprotegerin are both secreted as soluble proteins by ___________________.
The protein ____________________ is secreted by osteoblasts and binds to RANK ligand to prevent RANK ligand from activating osteoclasts.
An increase in intracellular calcium in chief cells of the parathyroid gland __________________ secretion of PTH.
The presence of phosphate in the urine is called ______________________.
The transfer of calcium by osteocytes from bone fluid to osteoblasts via gap junctions is called ______________ ___________________.
The osteocytic osteolysis transfer of calcium from osteocytes to osteoblasts occurs via ______ _______________.
Conversion of Vitamin D to its active form involves _________________ at carbon 25 in the liver and at carbon 1 in the kidney.
Binding of Vitamin D to a cytosolic VDR in the target tissue cause VDR to form a heterodimer with ___________________.
Name the protein that is the rate limiting step in phosphate absorption in the small intestine.
Name the peptide hormone synthesized by C cells in the thyroid gland.
Name the drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis that causes apoptosis of osteoclasts.
A deficiency of Vitamin D in children may lead to the disease _________________, characterized by a softening of bones.
A deficiency of Vitamin D in adults may lead to the disease ______________________.
In women, the development of osteoporosis is often linked to cessation of _________________ production after menopause.
The hydroxyapatite crystal in bones is formed from the minerals calcium and _______________.