This test will take place in class on 12 June between 12:30 and 15:00 in AQ 5038 and will be based on the course readings from 8 May to 5 June inclusive. The test will evaluate how well you have familiarized yourself with the central events and problems of Reformation history in general and with the theme of visual culture in particular.
This test consists of three parts. You are allowed two aids: your copy of (1) Carter Lindberg, The European Reformations and of (2) Scott Hendrix, "Rerooting the Faith: The Reformation as Re-Christianization," Church History 69 (2000): 558-77, along with (3) one sheet of paper for references, an outline, etc. to help you write an essay in response to one of the questions in Part 2. The reference sheet may not provide any information that could help you answer the questions in Parts 1 and 3. It must be limited to material relevant to your essay answer for Part 2. You must submit this reference sheet with your answer. If you do quote directly from The European Reformations and / or from the article by Hendrix, please supply page references. You must submit the aids for the test to the supervisor of the exam before the test begins. You may not have these aids with you while you answer Parts 1 and 3.
You will first complete Part 1. Once you have submitted your answers to Part 1, you may move on to Part 2. When you have written your essay for Part 2, hand it in and complete Part 3 in a separate booklet. All submissions of answers to any part of the exam will be considered final without exception.
Part 1 ( = 25%) consists of a mix of 14 multiple choice and 4 short-answer questions. One of the latter will require you to identify and explain the historical significance of one of three terms in three or four sentences. You must answer the questions: Who/What? Where? When? Why? Aim to produce a succinct answer that limits itself to providing accurate and relevant information. Expert answers will relate the term to a larger theme of the history of the European Reformations.
In Part 2 (= 35 %), you will answer one of the three questions below in essay form. Superior answers will be based on a clear, well-defined thesis statement sustained with logical consistency and by compelling evidence drawn from Lindberg's book.
1. Lindberg draws our attention to the conflicting approaches of social and intellectual history when it comes to writing the history of the Reformation (pp. 19-20). Where, in your opinion, does Lindberg stand in the debate? In other words, what genre of history does The European Reformations represent?
2. "Lindberg claims his study of the Reformations 'does not equate the period with any one particular Reformer' (p. 22). But this is incorrect. The historiographical fascination with Luther that Lindberg outlines in his introduction is evident throughout the rest of the book. Luther's personality and thought loom large in The European Reformations, and this gives the reader the sense that the Reformation must ultimately be equated with him."
Do you agree with this evaluation of Lindberg's book? Why or why not?
3. "Lindberg rejects the 'conventional sense' of the term 'Reformation' as defined by Harold Grimm and prefers instead to understand the Reformation era in terms of a 'plurality of Reformations which interacted with each other'(p. 9). Yet Lindberg proposes no specific alternative definition of Reformation, and by (inconsistently) referring to the Reformation in the plural runs the risk of emptying the term of any cogent meaning. His book provides little or no justification for thinking of the Reformation as a plurality of Reformations."
Do you agree with this evaluation of Lindberg's book? Why or why not? In your answer, consider the position of Scott Hendrix, "Rerooting the Faith: The Reformation as Re-Christianization," Church History 69 (2000): 558-77.
In Part 3 (= 40%) you will be asked to explain in two or three paragraphs the power or function of four out of eight images.
You must identify and explain the historical significance of each of the four figures on which you choose to comment. In identifying the figures provide as much detailed information as possible: when, where (which country or city), in what medium (painting, woodcut, etc.) and physical context (in a church, in a book, etc.) did the image appear, and who created the image. Your answer should put the figures in their appropriate historical and religious context, and you should engage in comparing and/or contrasting the relevant figures within their historical and religious contexts as you answer the question.
You must prepare yourself by reviewing all of the following images:
Figure 2 (p. 11) of Smith, German Sculpture of the Later Renaissance, Figure 4 (p. 538) of Reinburg's article, Figures 1 and 2 (pp. 26-27) of Wandel's article; Plates 1 and 3 (pp. 40, 58) in Scribner's article, and Figures 6 and 8 (pp. 162, 167) in Smith's article on "The Jesuit Church of St. Michael's in Munich."
These images will be supplied with the exam.
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