Biological Sciences Courses

BISC 100 - Introduction to Biology (4)

An introduction to the basic concepts of biology, emphasizing evolution as a unifying theme. Lecture and lab topics include cell structure, mitosis and meiosis, DNA structure and function, evolution and ecology. Prerequisite: Students with a minimum grade of C in Biology 12 (or equivalent) who are considering a BISC major, are encouraged to proceed directly to BISC 101 and 102. Students with credit for BISC 101, 102 or 113, or succeeding biology courses, may not take BISC 100 for further credit. Breadth-Science.

BISC 101 - General Biology (4)

Introduction to the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms of living organisms (microorganisms, plants, animals). Lecture and lab topics include cell structure and function, flow of genetic information, enzyme function, metabolism, whole organism form and function (circulation, gas exchange, nutrition, osmoregularion). BISC 101 and 102 can be taken in either order. Prerequisite: Biology 12 (or equivalent) with a minimum grade of C (or BISC 100 with a minimum grade of C-, or BISC 113 with a minimum grade of C+, or BPK 105 with a minimum grade of C+, or HSCI 100 with a minimum grade of C+); and Chemistry 12 (or equivalent) with a minimum grade of C (or CHEM 111 with a minimum grade of C-). Breadth-Science.

BISC 102 - General Biology (4)

Introduction to evolution and ecology, focusing on the processes that shape the diversity of life on earth. Lecture and lab topics include: natural selection and other mechanisms of evolutionary change, phylogeny, genetics, speciation, behaviour, species interactions, population ecology, and ecosystems. BISC 101 and 102 may be taken in either order. Prerequisite: Biology 12 (or equivalent) with a minimum grade of C (or BISC 100 with a minimum grade of C-, or BISC 113 with a minimum grade of C+, or BPK 105 with a minimum grade of C+, or HSCI 100 with a minimum grade of C+). Breadth-Science.

BISC 106 - Biological Systems for Engineers (3)

Engineering students are introduced to biological levels of organization and biosystems thinking. Specific lecture and lab topics include: cells and cellular processes, DNA, plant biology, animal biology, pathogens, ecology, and biosystems. Prerequisite: Enrolled in the MSE program. Students who have taken BISC 101 or higher level BISC courses first may not then take this course for further credit.

BISC 111 - Special Topics: Current Topics in Biology I (3)

Selected topics in biology intended to fulfil breadth requirements for non-majors. Topics will vary depending on instructor. Breadth-Science.

BISC 112 - Special Topics: Current Topics in Biology II (3)

Selected topics in biology intended to fulfil breadth requirements for non-majors Topics will vary depending on instructor. Breadth-Science.

BISC 113 - Biology in Everyday Life (3)

Emphasizes the biology relevant to everyday life and the methods by which biologists address scientific questions. Topics include: evolution; human inheritance, reproduction, and development; nutrition, activity, wellness and cancer; agriculture and genetic engineering; and biodiversity and human affairs. Students with a minimum grade of C in Biology 12 (or equivalent), who are considering a BISC major, are encouraged to proceed directly to BISC 101 and 102. Students with credit for HSCI 100, BISC 100, 101, 102, or succeeding BISC courses, may not take this course for further credit. Breadth-Science.

BISC 171 - Biological Sciences Undergraduate Seminar (1)

Students are introduced to current topics, research, and undergraduate opportunities in the Department of Biological Sciences. Graded on a Pass/Fail basis. Corequisite: BISC 101 or 102; and completion of fewer than 60 units.

BISC 202 - Genetics (3)

Principles and concepts of transmission of genetic information. Topics include: molecular basis of inheritance, interpretation of pedigrees, chromosomal mapping, linkage, crosses, epigenetics, and the regulation and flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins. Focus on problem-solving. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 204 - Ecology (3)

Introduces the different approaches used to study the natural world and explores ecological concepts and theory relating to animal behaviour, population dynamics, the distribution of species, structure of communities and the function of ecosystems. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 205 - Principles of Physiology (3)

An integrated exploration of animal and plant physiology, using principles from biology, physics, and chemistry to describe the underlying mechanisms and adaptations that support life. Systems include transport, metabolism, electrical and chemical signalling, sensing and responding. Prerequisite: BISC 101, BISC 102, and PHYS 101, all with a minimum grade of C-. Students who have taken BISC 305 or BISC 366 first may not then take this course for further credit.

BISC 212 - Biological Research (3)

Students experience the practical challenges and creative joys of biological research. In lectures and labs, students think, research, and collaborate like scientists by designing, conducting, and presenting students' own original research projects. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-, and completion of less than 60 units; or permission of the instructor.

BISC 272 - Special Topics in Biology (3)

Selected topics in areas not currently offered within the undergraduate course offerings in the Department of Biological Sciences. Prerequisite: To be announced in the Undergraduate Schedule of Classes and Examinations. Entry into this course normally requires completion of the lower division core for biological sciences, or permission of the department.

BISC 298 - Introduction to Undergraduate Research in Biological Sciences (3)

Directed study that provides exposure to laboratory or field methods in a research lab with the Department of Biological Sciences. A student may enrol in this course only with prior written agreement of a faculty member to act as a research supervisor.

BISC 300 - Evolution (3)

The phenomenon of organic evolution, and the major processes leading to changes in allele frequencies over time, namely mutation, migration, genetic drift and natural selection. Topics include evolutionary genetics, adaptation, sexual selection, the origin of life, speciation, and the major evolutionary trends over geological time. Prerequisite: BISC 202 with a minimum grade of C-. Recommended: BISC 204.

BISC 302W - Genetic Analysis (3)

Students analyze different types of genetic data (e.g., genetic crosses, chromosome rearrangements, STR, RFLP) and use lab techniques (e.g., PCR, restriction digest, and gel electrophoresis) to solve case studies and genetics problems. Prerequisite: BISC 202 and MBB 222, both with a minimum grade of C-. Writing.

BISC 303 - Microbiology (4)

A broad introduction to micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses and archaea) with an emphasis on their molecular biology, metabolism, physiology, and interactions with their hosts and environment. Labs introduce students to modern microbial techniques. Prerequisite: BISC 102, MBB 222, and MBB 231, all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 305 - Animal Physiology (3)

A study of the major physiological systems, with an emphasis on understanding the biophysical properties underpinning physiological mechanisms. Prerequisite: (BISC 205 or BPK 205) and MBB 231, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 306 - Invertebrate Biology (4)

An introduction to invertebrate phyla, with a focus on marine taxa. Labs include examination of live animals, dissections, and preserved specimens. Prerequisite: BISC 101, 102, and (BISC 204 or GEOG 215), all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 308 - Environmental Toxicology: An Ecological Perspective (3)

Students are introduced to the major environmental toxicants, their sources, and interactions with terrestrial and aquatic environments. Through historical and current case studies of environmental toxicants, this course will provide an understanding of the basic principles of environmental toxicology particularly as they apply to populations, communities and ecosystems. Prerequisite: BISC 101, 102, and (BISC 204 or GEOG 215), all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 309 - Conservation Biology (3)

An examination of the primary threats to biodiversity, how biological processes contribute to the persistence of populations and structure of communities, and species and landscape approaches to conservation in the real world. Prerequisite: BISC 204 with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 313 - Environmental Toxicology: A Mechanistic Perspective (3)

An introduction to the environmental and biological fate of chemicals, their mechanisms of action, testing, evaluation, and risk assessment. Students are introduced to different classes of environmental contaminants, and examine how they affect various organisms (including humans) at the molecular, biochemical, organ system, and behavioural levels of biological organization. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and (BISC 204, or BISC 205, or GEOG 215, or MBB 231), both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 316 - Vertebrate Biology (4)

An overview of the evolution and diversity of vertebrates, with an emphasis on the evolutionary innovations and characteristics that led to this diversity. Labs explore comparative anatomy through dissections, bones, and other specimens. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 317 - Insect Biology (3)

An introduction to insect classification, body plan, post-embryonic development, and systems: circulatory, ventilatory, digestive, and sensory. Labs focus on comparative morphology, collection, identification, and preservation of specimens. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 318 - Parasitology (3)

Ecology, morphology, and phylogeny of animal parasites (from protozoa to helminthes), including those of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Lecture and lab topics include: parasite success, host-parasite interactions, principles of parasitic infections, parasite reproduction and transmission, as host responses and medical options for past and current parasite problems. Prerequisite: BISC 101, 102, and (BISC 204 or HSCI 212), all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 327 - Algal Biology (4)

Lectures and labs provide a survey of the major groups of algae, including cyanobacteria and other microscopic algae, seaweeds and freshwater algae. Addresses aspects of evolution, taxonomy, ecology, anatomy, life history, and the importance of algae in our lives. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-. Students who have taken BISC 326 first may not then take this course for further credit.

BISC 328 - Fungal Biology and Ecology (3)

Lectures and labs provide an overview of the fungi including their identification and ecological roles, with emphasis on molds and mushrooms. Topics include: identification using morphological and molecular techniques, roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and the uses and detrimental effects of fungi in food production and medicine. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-. Recommended: BISC 204. Students who have taken BISC 326 first may not then take this course for further credit.

BISC 333 - Developmental Biology (3)

Embryonic and post-embryonic development of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants, with a focus on both classical and modern experimental approaches. Common and distinct features of the genes and signalling pathways that control development will be compared at the organismal, cellular, molecular and genetic levels. Prerequisite: BISC 202, MBB 222, and MBB 231, all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 337 - Plant Biology (4)

A survey and comparison of the major plant groups including their origins, evolution, anatomy, life histories, and impacts on human society. Labs emphasize microscopy and observation of plant specimens. Prerequisite: BISC 101 and 102, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 341 - Practicum I (3)

First term of work experience in the Biological Sciences Co-operative Education Program. Units for this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: Acceptance in the Biological Sciences Co-operative Education Program.

BISC 342 - Practicum II (3)

Second term of work experience in the Biological Sciences Co-operative Education Program. Units for this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: BISC 341 and readmission to the Science Co-op Education Program.

BISC 357 - Genetic Engineering (4)

The use of genetic engineering to evaluate and alter gene function is introduced in lectures and practiced in labs. Lectures cover bioinformatics, gene editing, and genome sequencing. Lab projects include a series of cloning techniques from nucleic acid extraction to making novel gene constructs. Prerequisite: BISC 202, MBB 222, and MBB 231, all with a minimum grade of C-. Recommended: MBB 331. Students with credit for MBB 308 may not take this course for further credit.

BISC 360W - Techniques in Ecology and Evolution (3)

A practical lab- and field-based introduction to techniques in ecology and evolution. Students use experimental design and statistical methods to collect, analyze, and interpret data. Specific topics may include: sampling and describing communities, evaluating spatial patterns, investigating animal behaviour, population estimation, and estimating competition. Prerequisite: BISC 202, (BISC 204 or GEOG 215), and STAT 201, all with a minimum grade of C-. Writing.

BISC 366 - Plant Physiology (3)

The physiological and developmental mechanisms underlying the growth and survival of plants in their environments, including traits of key importance in plant production. Prerequisite: BISC 205 and MBB 231, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 371 - Special Topics in Biology for Non-majors (3)

Selected topics in Biology, aimed at students who might not have a background in biology. Science students may take this course as an elective, but may not apply this course toward their upper division program requirements. Prerequisite: A minimum of 45 units. Breadth-Science.

BISC 372 - Special Topics in Biology (3)

Selected topics in areas not currently offered within the undergraduate course offerings in the Department of Biological Sciences. Prerequisite: To be announced in the Undergraduate Schedule of Classes and Examinations.

BISC 373 - Brewing Science (3)

This interdisciplinary course exposes students to the science and art of brewing, including the ingredients and process of brewing. Discussion of malting, barley and hop cultivation, and yeast fermentation, as it relates to the brewing process, as well as business, advertising, marketing of beer will be included. Students may not count this course toward their biological science honours, major, or minor requirements. Prerequisite: 60 units. Breadth-Science.

BISC 403 - Current Topics in Cell Biology (3)

The lectures will explore two or three major themes in current cell biology, such as cell motility, the cell cycle, and cellular signalling. A critical component of the course is to develop an understanding of the experimental basis of our knowledge about cells. Prerequisite: MBB 222 and 231, both with a minimum grade of C-; and at least 75 units (or permission of the instructor). Recommended: BISC 205 or BPK 205.

BISC 405 - Neurobiology (3)

Neuroscience, focusing on physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms. Topics include: cellular and subcellular organization of the nervous system, electrical properties of neurons, ion channels, synaptic transmission, sensory systems, learning and memory, neurodegenerative diseases. Prerequisite: Students complete one of: (BISC 205 and MBB 231), or (BPK 205 and MBB 231), or BPK 306, or HSCI 321; each with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 406 - Marine Biology and Oceanography (3)

An introduction to the marine environment, marine organisms and the ecological and oceanographic processes affecting them. Prerequisite: BISC 306 or BISC 316 with a grade of C- or better.

BISC 407 - Population Dynamics (3)

An evaluation of factors influencing the natural fluctuation and regulation of plant and animal population numbers. Prerequisite: BISC 102, (BISC 204 or GEOG 215), and MATH 154, all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 410 - Behavioural Ecology (3)

Behavioural ecologists study the evolutionary causes and ecological consequences of behaviour. This course explores theories developed to explain group-living, foraging decisions, signalling, mate choice and reproductive strategies, and provides an opportunity to develop novel hypotheses for (and design experiments to test) why animals, including humans, behave the way they do. Prerequisite: BISC 102 and (BISC 204 or GEOG 215), both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 412 - Aquatic Ecology (3)

The scientific study of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Through lecture and field/lab components, the course will examine a combination of fundamental concepts of aquatic ecology as well as challenges posed to these ecosystems by environmental change. Students will gain hands-on experience with data collection, analysis, and communication. Prerequisite: BISC 101, 102, and (BISC 204 or GEOG 215), all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 413 - Fisheries Ecology (3)

Fisheries from an ecological point of view, whereby the principles of population dynamics, behaviour, competition and predator-prey relationships are applied to conservation and management of the world's fisheries. Prerequisite: BISC 204 with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 414 - Limnology (3)

An integrated examination of biological, chemical and physical processes in lakes and running water ecosystems. Lectures and labs emphasize interactions among biological, chemical, and physical controls on the structure, function, and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Environmental problems resulting from human disturbances to aquatic ecosystems are examined. Prerequisite: BISC 204 or GEOG 215, with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 420 - Community Ecology (3)

Community ecologists study large-scale patterns in biodiversity and the processes that influence the structure and function of communities. This course introduces concepts and theories central to community ecology, with a focus on observations, hypotheses, experiments and quantitative models, and explores applications of community ecology to emerging problems in human-dominated ecosystems. Prerequisite: BISC 204 or GEOG 215, with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 421 - Models in Biology: From Molecules to Migration (3)

Students are introduced to models and simulations for biological systems at the ecosystem, organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. They will discover how to design and use models, and will then apply these skills to build their own model using basic mathematical tools (e.g., Excel, other software). Prerequisite: BISC 100, 101, or 102, with a minimum grade of C-; and MATH 154 (or equivalent) with a minimum grade of B; and at least 60 units; or permission of the instructor. Quantitative.

BISC 422 - Population Genetics (3)

The heritable genetic basis for biological variation among populations. Concepts emphasize models (from theory), estimators (using data), and assumptions (via simulation). Topics focus on the Big Five: mutation, recombination, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection. Prerequisite: BISC 202 and STAT 201, both with a minimum grade of C-. Recommended: BISC 300.

BISC 423 - Developmental Neurobiology (3)

All aspects of neuronal development from the specification of neurons in the early embryo to the formation and maturation of neuronal circuits. Both invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms will be studied with emphasis on the molecular basis of nervous system development. Prerequisite: BISC 202, MBB 222, and MBB 231, all with a minimum grade of C-. Recommended: BISC 333 or MBB 331.

BISC 424 - Applied Genomics (3)

The course provides an overview of "omics" methods in large-scale identification of gene functions in various organisms, and demonstrates how this knowledge can be applied in genomics fields, including plant and animal breeding. Prerequisite: BISC 202, MBB 222, MBB 231, and (BISC 357 or MBB 331), all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 425 - Sensory Biology (3)

An overview of the major sensory mechanisms underlying animal behaviour. This course examines the basic physiological mechanisms underlying various mammalian and non-mammalian senses including vision, audition, olfaction, gustation, polarization sensitivity and mechanoreception. Lectures combine concepts from physics, systems neuroscience, cell and molecular biology, and behaviour. Prerequisite: (BISC 205 or BPK 205) and MBB 231, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 428 - Cell Anatomy (3)

This course provides students with an advanced, detailed understanding of a variety of cell biological topics with particular attention given to the cytoskeleton, intercellular junctions, vesicle trafficking and post-translational modifications of proteins associated with those topics. Students will also be exposed to the history of cell biology throughout the course. Prerequisite: BISC 101, BISC 102, MBB 222, and MBB 231, all with a minimum grade of C-. Students who have completed BISC 472 under the title "Advanced Cell Biology" may not take this course for further credit.

BISC 430 - Microbe-Plant Interactions (3)

Interactions between major groups of microbes (including fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas and viroids) with higher plants, including the chemical signals which trigger the onset of recognition events that result in a parasitic or mutualistic relationship, and the mechanisms of plant defense. Prerequisite: MBB 231 and (BISC 303, or BISC 328, or BISC 337, or BISC 366), both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 433 - Environmental Microbiology (3)

An overview of environmental and applied microbiology. Topics include microbial growth and kinetics, microbial metabolism and thermodynamics, biogeochemical cycling, microbial ecology, and applied microbiology. Includes computer labs, where students will learn to analyze data generated by modern methods used to characterize microbes and microbial communities. Prerequisite: MBB 222, MBB 231, and BISC 303, all with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for BISC 475 under the title "Environmental Microbiology" may not take this course for further credit.

BISC 440W - Biodiversity (3)

Considers the production and organization of biodiversity, the evolutionary and ecological theories behind temporal and spatial patterns of biodiversity, and the values society gives biodiversity. Computer labs introduce students to phylogenetic and comparative analyses using the program R. Prerequisite: BISC 300 and STAT 201, both with a minimum grade of C+, and (75 units or permission of the instructor). Writing.

BISC 441 - Evolution of Health and Disease (3)

Application of the principles and theories of evolution and ecology to understanding the study of health and disease, with an emphasis on humans. Topics to be covered include the evolutionary ecology of infectious disease, the immune system, cancer, senescence, fetal programming, and the genetic/environmental bases of disease. Prerequisite: BISC 202 or 204, both with a minimum grade of C-. Recommended: BISC 300.

BISC 443 - Practicum III (3)

Third term of work experience in the Biological Sciences Co-operative Education Program. Units for this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: BISC 342 and readmission to the Science Co-op Education Program.

BISC 444 - Practicum IV (3)

Fourth term of work experience in the Biological Sciences Co-operative Education Program. Units for this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: BISC 443 and re-admission to the science co-operative education program.

BISC 445 - Environmental Physiology of Animals (3)

A discussion of the physiological mechanisms and adaptations which permit animals to live in diverse environments. The course will adopt a comparative approach to physiology. Prerequisite: BISC 205 and MBB 231, both with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 446 - Practicum V (3)

Fifth term of work experience in the Biological Sciences Co-operative Education Program. Units for this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. This course may be repeated for additive credit. Prerequisite: BISC 444 and readmission to the Science Co-op Education Program.

BISC 447 - Stem Cells - Current Trends (3)

Foundational biology of stem cell populations, technological advances, current and potential therapeutic applications. Prerequisite: MBB 322 or BISC 333, with a minimum grade of C. Students with credit for MBB 447 may not take this course for further credit. Students with credit for MBB 440 or BISC 472 under the title "Stem Cell Biology and Applications" may not take this course for further credit.

BISC 455 - Endocrinology (3)

Physiological function of neuroendocrine and hormonal systems in invertebrates and vertebrates (and a little bit on plants). The course examines endocrinology from the molecular to whole-organismal level, with a focus on reproduction, obesity, and stress. Prerequisite: BISC 205, MBB 231, and (BISC 306 or BISC 316), all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 457 - Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (3)

An introduction to plant molecular biology and the techniques, applications and issues of plant genetic engineering. Prerequisite: BISC 202, MBB 222, and MBB 231, all with a minimum grade of C-.

BISC 471 - Special Topics in Cells, Molecules and Physiology (3)

Special Topics in Cells, Molecules and Physiology not currently offered in the Department of Biological Science. Prerequisite: To be announced.

BISC 472 - Special Topics in Cells, Molecules and Physiology (3)

Selected topics in areas not currently offered within the undergraduate course offerings in the Department of Biological Sciences. Prerequisite: To be announced.

BISC 473 - Special Topics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation (3)

Selected topics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation not currently offered in the Department of Biological Science. Prerequisite: To be announced.

BISC 474 - Special Topics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation (3)

Selected topics in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation not currently offered in the Department of Biological Science. Prerequisite: To be announced.

BISC 475 - Special Topics in Biology (3)

Selected topics not currently offered in the Department of Biological Sciences. Prerequisite: To be announced.

BISC 490 - Research Design (5)

Student will design an individual research project under the supervision and guidance of a faculty member. The project must relate to biological research or pedagogical research in biology. At the time of application, students will normally have a CGPA of 3.00 (B standing). BISC 490 may be taken in the term prior to BISC 491/492 by students intending to complete the three course ISS. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division biological sciences courses, plus upper division BISC courses appropriate to the subject of the intended research as determined by the departmental undergraduate curriculum committee; completion of all physics, chemistry and mathematics requirements for the major or honours program.

BISC 491 - Research Technique (5)

Student will carry out an individual research project under the supervision and guidance of a faculty member. The project must relate to biological or pedagogical research in biology. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division biological sciences courses, plus upper division BISC courses appropriate to the subject of the intended research as determined by the departmental undergraduate curriculum committee; completion of all physics, chemistry and mathematics requirements for the major or honours program; at the time of application, students will normally have a CGPA of 3.00 (B standing). Corequisite: BISC 490 and 492.

BISC 492W - Research Reporting (5)

Student will report on an individual research project under the supervision and guidance of a faculty member. The project must relate to biological or pedagogical research in biology. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division biological sciences courses, plus upper division BISC courses appropriate to the subject of the intended research as determined by the departmental undergraduate curriculum committee; completion of all physics, chemistry and mathematics requirements for the major or honours program; at the time of application, students will normally have a CGPA of 3.00 (B standing). Corequisite: BISC 490 and BISC 491. Writing.

BISC 497W - Undergraduate Research: Writing Intensive (3)

Directed study, and research or scientific communication, in an area of biology or biological pedagogy. A student may enroll in this course only with prior written agreement of a faculty member to act as a research supervisor, who will also provide instruction and feedback on the writing and presentation of results from the research. Prerequisite: Completion of lower division course requirements. Writing.

BISC 498 - Undergraduate Research I (3)

Directed study, and research or scientific communication, in an area of biology or biological pedagogy. A student may enroll in this course only with prior written agreement of a faculty member to act as a research supervisor. Prerequisite: Completion of lower division course requirements.

BISC 499 - Undergraduate Research II (3)

Directed study, and research or scientific communication, in an area of biology or biological pedagogy. A student may enroll in this course only with prior written agreement of a faculty member to act as a research supervisor. Prerequisite: Completion of lower division course requirements.

BISC 601 - Agriculture, Horticulture and Urban Pest Management (2)

A broad range of agricultural pests and their management, with emphasis on insects, crop diseases, and weeds in greenhouses, orchards and field crops. Pest problems in urban environments, including stored products in and near buildings.

BISC 602 - Forest Pest Management (2)

Management of insect, microbial, vertebrate and plant pests of forests and forest products, including seed orchards, nurseries, dryland sorting areas. Emphasis is placed on diagnosis, decision-making, interactions and techniques for forest pest management.

BISC 633 - Environmental Microbiology (3)

An overview of environmental and applied microbiology. Topics include microbial growth and kinetics, microbial metabolism and thermodynamics, biogeochemical cycling, microbial ecology, applied microbiology as well as analysis of microbial community data in the lab. Students will write a review paper and disseminate their results to the class and lead discussions with undergraduate students. Prerequisite: BISC 303, or an equivalent introductory microbiology course (or permission from the instructor). Students with credit for BISC 433 may not take this course for further credit.

BISC 650 - Environmental Risk Assessment (3)

This course emphasizes recent development in quantitative human health risk assessment and ecological effects based risk assessment of environmental chemicals. Prerequisite: BISC 313.

BISC 651 - Toxicity Tests I: Ecological Effects Based Tests (3)

This course provides the basic concepts and practical experience for the application of ecologically-based toxicity tests. Prerequisite: BISC 313.

BISC 652 - ET Tests II: Mammalian Toxicity Tests (3)

The main focus of this course is on laboratory testing procedures currently employed in the toxicological evaluation of chemicals. Prerequisite: BISC 313 or permission of the department.

BISC 654 - Food and Drug Toxicology (3)

Investigates those toxic compounds in the environment which are added to, contaminate, or supplement one's diet. Prerequisite: BISC 313 or equivalent.

BISC 655 - Environmental Toxicology Seminar (3)

A structured series of seminars on the recent developments of environmental toxicology.

BISC 656 - Master of Environmental Toxicology Project (10)

One term experience in a university or commercial laboratory according to student's interests. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: Acceptance into the environmental toxicology program.

BISC 657 - Co-op I

First work experience for MET students. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: Permission of the department.

BISC 658 - Co-op II

Second work experience for MET students. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: Permission of the department.

BISC 800 - Skills for the Successful Scientist (1)

Introduction to methods of writing research articles, preparing posters, scientific talks and curricular vitae, time management and scientific ethics. The student-supervisor relationship and conflict resolution are also discussed.

BISC 805 - Teaching and Learning in Undergraduate Sciences (3)

Foundational knowledge and practical skills for effective undergraduate science teaching. Collaboratively explore modern best practices and pedagogical theory, tailored to teaching within your research discipline. Components include curricular development, literature discussion, classroom consultation, self-reflection; culminates in tangible outcomes that support your career goals. Ideal for those interested in teaching in STEM higher education.

BISC 806 - Evolutionary Theory (3)

A consideration of recent advances and current controversies in our understanding of the development, diversification and adaptation of life through natural selection.

BISC 807 - Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology (3)

This course considers what physiology has to offer behavioural and evolutionary ecology (and vice versa), with a focus on whole organism or 'integrative physiology'.

BISC 820 - Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (3)

A survey of the diverse molecular mechanisms used by selected bacteria, viruses, fungi, and prions to colonize the human host and cause disease. Prerequisite: Undergraduate course in microbiology or permission of the instructor.

BISC 824 - Survival and Reproductive Strategies (3)

An examination of strategies for resource acquisition and allocation, and the behavioural, ecological and life history means whereby organisms maximize lifetime reproductive success.

BISC 827 - Seminar in Evolutionary, Behavioural, and Conservation Ecology (1)

Interactive discussions of current issues and cutting-edge methods in evolutionary, behavioural, and conservation ecology.

BISC 830 - Community Ecology and Macroecology (3)

Interspecific interactions, community assembly, and diversity estimation in ecology.

BISC 831 - Research Seminars in Biological Sciences (1)

Advanced research seminars on a variety of current, cutting-edge biological topics.

BISC 832 - Research Seminars in Biological Sciences (1)

Advanced research seminars on a variety of current, cutting-edge biological topics.

BISC 833 - Research Seminars in Biological Sciences (1)

Advanced research seminars on a variety of current, cutting-edge biological topics.

BISC 834 - Essential Cell Biology (3)

Review of basic processes in cell biology including, but not limited to, cell adhesion/migration, cytoskeleton, endo/exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, signal transduction, ion homeostasis, energy generation, protein processing/apoptosis, post-translation modifications, genomics. A review of each topic will be followed by an introduction to cutting-edge work in this field. Prerequisite: Permission of the course co-ordinator.

BISC 838 - Population Dynamics and Demography (3)

Theory and practice of population modeling and demographic analysis.

BISC 841 - Plant diseases and plant biotechnology (3)

An examination of the major factors that lead to development of plant diseases, control practices and the applications of plant biotechnology to disease management.

BISC 844 - Biological Controls (3)

Principles, theory, and practice of the use of living organisms in the natural regulation and the control of organisms.

BISC 847 - Pest Management in Practice (3)

Status and special problems of research development and implementation of pest management programs in different kinds of ecosystems; consideration of factors such as management systems, economics, communication, legal and social constraints, and ethics in the practice of pest management.

BISC 849 - Master of Pest Management Thesis (18)

An independent research thesis based on laboratory or field-based research and focused on some aspect of pest management. The research may be supervised by any faculty member in the Department of Biological Sciences. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

BISC 852 - Ecological and Molecular Interactions between Insect Vectors and Parasites (3)

Interactions between parasites and their arthropod vectors. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in our understanding of the interactions, including aspects that can be exploited to reduce parasite transmission.

BISC 854 - Ecotoxicology (3)

The proposed course will detail the physiochemical factors that influence contaminant behaviour in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Prerequisite: BISC 101, 312, CHEM 102, and 103. Recommended: BISC 414.

BISC 855 - Biochemical Toxicology (3)

This course examines the biodynamics and actions of toxicants on several key biological systems within living organisms at the biochemical and molecular levels. Prerequisite: BISC 313.

BISC 859 - Special Topics I (3)

Selected topics in biological science. The content of this course varies from term to term.

BISC 869 - Special Topics II (3)

BISC 879 - Special Topics III (3)

BISC 880 - Special Topics in Behavioural Ecology (3)

A consideration of advanced special topics in the field of behavioural ecology.

BISC 881 - Special Topics in Cell and Molecular Biology (3)

A student participation seminar course focusing on recent literature on selected topics in cellular, developmental, and molecular biology. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

BISC 883 - Special Topics in Environmental Toxicology (3)

Special topics course with emphasis on recent developments in environmental toxicology.

BISC 884 - Special Topics in Pest Ecology and Management (3)

A course that provides graduate students with an in-depth analysis of a topic in pest ecology and management. The course content will change from year to year to reflect student interests and topical research, and can be taught by any faculty member of the Department of Biological Sciences.

BISC 885 - Special Topics in Animal Physiology (3)

Special topics in comparative vertebrate and invertebrate functional mechanisms and adaptations. Prerequisite: Undergraduate course in animal physiology.

BISC 886 - Special Topics in Marine and Aquatic Biology (3)

Special topics course emphasizing recent developments in the area of aquatic and marine biology.

BISC 887 - Special Topics in Plant Biology (3)

Advanced treatment of selected topics or specialized areas in plant biology. The special topics to be discussed will vary from term to term.

BISC 888 - Directed Readings in Biology (1)

Programs of directed readings and critical discussions offered by staff members to individual students. A formal description of the study program is required (forms available from the graduate secretary). These forms must be approved by the departmental graduate studies committee at the beginning of the term, prior to enrolment.

BISC 889 - Directed Readings in Biology (2)

Intended to cover the same ground as a normal graduate course, it may be given to one or two students when a lecture/seminar is inappropriate.

BISC 890 - Directed Readings in Biology (3)

Programs of directed readings and critical discussions offered by staff members to individual students. A formal description of the study program is required (forms available from the graduate secretary). These forms must be approved by the departmental graduate studies committee at the beginning of the term, prior to enrolment.

BISC 892 - PhD Graduate Candidacy Exam

Oral presentation and defence of a written PhD research proposal. All PhD students enrolled in the BISC PhD graduate program must take BISC 892. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

BISC 898 - MSc Thesis (18)

Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

BISC 899 - PhD Thesis (18)

Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.