Engineering Science Courses

ENSC 100W - Engineering, Science and Society (3)

We study the history of engineering, its changing relationship to the sciences, and its effects upon society. We cover the ethical and environmental implications of engineering choices. We briefly explore the fundamental concepts in artificial intelligence, information theory, and thermodynamics. Students in the course will work together in small teams to complete a practical engineering design project. Corequisite: ENSC 105W. Students with credit for ENSC 100, CMPT 106, ENSC 106, or MSE 102 may not take this course for further credit. Writing/Breadth-Hum/Science.

ENSC 105W - Process, Form, and Convention in Professional Genres (3)

The course teaches fundamentals of informative and persuasive communication for professional engineers and computer scientists in order to assist students in thinking critically about various contemporary technical, social, and ethical issues. It focuses on communicating technical information clearly and concisely, managing issues of persuasion when communicating with diverse audiences, presentation skills, and teamwork. Corequisite: CMPT 106, ENSC 100 or ENSC 106. Students with credit for CMPT 105W, ENSC 102, MSE 101W or SEE 101W may not take ENSC 105W for further credit. Writing.

ENSC 120 - Introduction to Electronics Laboratory Instruments Operation and Measurement Techniques (2)

This introductory laboratory course will familiarize the students with operating electronics laboratory instrumentation such as linear power supply, digital multi-meter, function generator and oscilloscope. Students are expected to perform 6 lab experiments and submit a work-sheet for each lab session. A final examination will be conducted (individually) to test the proficiency. Laboratory and workplace safety lectures and examinations are covered in this course. Prerequisite: BC Pre-Calculus 12 and BC Physics 12 (or equivalents).

ENSC 151 - Introduction to Software Development for Engineers (4)

An introduction to software development for students in engineering and related programs covering theory and practicum of software design, testing, and debugging. This includes basic C++ programming language elements such as basic types, variables, expressions, statements, exception handling, functions, simple classes, and an introduction to the C++ standard library. Prerequisite: BC Math 12 (or equivalent, or any of MATH 100, 150, 151, 154, or 157, with a minimum grade of C-). Students who have taken ENSC 251, CMPT 125, 129, 135, or CMPT 200 or higher first may not then take this course for further credit.

ENSC 180 - Introduction to Engineering Analysis (3)

Introduction to MATLAB and its use in engineering. Implementation, verification, and analysis of various engineering algorithms used in signal and image processing, robotics, communications engineering. Prerequisite: (ENSC 151 or CMPT 120 or CMPT 130) and (MATH 151 or MATH 150), all with a minimum grade of C-. Corequisite: MATH 152 and MATH 232.

ENSC 194 - Optional Job Practicum (3)

Four month internship of a non-technical nature. May be taken at any point during the program but will not count toward one of the three mandatory co-op work terms. Credit is awarded as in ENSC 195. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree.

ENSC 195 - Industrial Internship I (3)

First four month internship in industry. Credit is given as pass/withdraw/fail (P/W/F) only, based on the employer's and co-operative education co-ordinator's evaluations. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree.

ENSC 196 - Special Internship I (3)

Four month internship in industry or university research environment. Credit is awarded as in ENSC 195. Prior approval of Internship Co-ordinator required. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree.

ENSC 204 - Graphical Communication for Engineering (1)

An introduction to the use of graphical communication in engineering. Objectives are to improve the students' literacy in the use of graphics to communicate engineering information, and their ability to visualize and to think in three dimensions. Specific application areas discussed include 2D and 3D geometry in mechanical drawing, electronics-related drawings, block diagrams, and flow charts. The use of CAD tools will be discussed, and demonstrations of some tools will be provided. Students who have taken ENSC 104, MSE 100 or SEE 100 first may not then take this course for further credit.

ENSC 220 - Electric Circuits I (4)

Fundamental electrical circuit quantities, and circuit elements; circuits laws such as Ohm law, Kirchoff's voltage and current laws, along with series and parallel circuits; operational amplifiers; network theorems; nodal and mesh methods; analysis of natural and step response of first (RC and RL), as well as second order (RLC) circuits; real, reactive and rms power concepts. In addition, the course will discuss the worker safety implications of both electricity and common laboratory practices such as soldering. Prerequisite: (PHYS 121 or PHYS 126 or PHYS 141), ENSC 120, MATH 232 and (MATH 260 or MATH 310), all with a minimum grade of C-. MATH 260 may be taken concurrently. Students with credit for MSE 250 or SEE 230 cannot take this course for further credit. Quantitative.

ENSC 225 - Microelectronics I (4)

This course teaches analog/digital electronics and basic device physics in the context of modern silicon integrated circuits technology. Topics include: qualitative device physics and terminal characteristics; implementations and models of basic semiconductor devices (diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs); circuit simulation via SPICE; basic diode circuits; transistors as amplifiers and switching elements; temperature effects and compensation; single-stage transistor amplifiers; biasing, current sources and mirrors. Prerequisite: (ENSC 220 or MSE 250), MATH 232, and (MATH 260 or MATH 310), all with a minimum grade of C-. Students taking or with credit for ENSC 226, MSE 251 or SEE 231 may not take ENSC 225 for further credit. Quantitative.

ENSC 251 - Software Design and Analysis for Engineers (4)

Fundamentals for designing and implementing modular programs using a modern object-oriented programming language with a focus on understanding the performance implications of design choices on non-traditional computing platforms. Lecture topics include: classes; objects; debugging, testing & verification; design analysis & abstraction; error handling; fundamental data structures such as lists, trees, and graphs; and big-0 complexity analysis. Prerequisite: ENSC 151 or CMPT 135 or (CMPT 125 and CMPT 127), all with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 252 - Fundamentals of Digital Logic & Design (4)

Design of digital systems. In particular, students will learn basic digital design concepts including the implementation of synthesizable combinational and sequential logic using HDL and computer based design tools to implement their designs on a FPGA. Prerequisite: ENSC 151 or CMPT 125 or CMPT 126 or CMPT 135, with a minimum grade of C-. ENSC 252 is a required course for all engineering science majors and honours students (no course substitutions are permitted). Students with credit for ENSC/CMPT 150 or ENSC 329/MSE 350 cannot take this course for further credit.

ENSC 254 - Introduction to Computer Organization (4)

Fundamentals of microprocessor architecture and operation; this includes instruction formats, assembly language programming (procedures and parameter passing, interrupts, etc), and memory and I/O port interfaces. Prerequisite: (ENSC 251 & ENSC 252) or (CMPT 150 & CMPT 225 & enrolled as a Computing Science Major), all with a minimum grade of C-. ENSC 254 is a required course for all Engineering Science Majors and Honours students (no course substitutions are permitted). Students with credit for, or who are concurrently enrolled in ENSC/CMPT 250 or ENSC 329/MSE 350 cannot take this course for further credit.

ENSC 263 - Special Topics in Engineering Science (3)

Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum chair.

ENSC 264 - Special Topics in Engineering Science (4)

Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum chair.

ENSC 280 - Engineering Measurement and Data Analysis (4)

Methods to collect and analyze engineering data. Topics include: engineering data representation, discrete and continuous probability density functions, engineering measurements, error analysis, test of hypotheses, linear and nonlinear regression, and design of experiments. This course includes a significant laboratory component comprising: laboratory measurements and statistical analysis of electronic circuits, introduction to electronic device behaviour, instrument noise. Prerequisite: ((PHYS 121 and ENSC 120) or PHYS 141) and (MATH 251 and MATH 232), all with a minimum grade of C-. MATH 251 and/or MATH 232 may be taken concurrently with ENSC 280. Engineering Science Majors and Honours students are required to take ENSC 280 (no course substitutions will be accepted). Students with credit for STAT 270, MSE 210, SEE 241 or PHYS 231 cannot take this course for further credit.

ENSC 295 - Industrial Internship II (3)

Second four month internship in industry. Credit is awarded as in ENSC 195. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: ENSC 195 or 196.

ENSC 296 - Special Internship II (3)

Four month internship in industry or university research environment. Credit is awarded as in ENSC 195. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: ENSC 195 or 196 and approval of internship co-ordinator required.

ENSC 303 - Directed Studies in Engineering Science (3)

Directed reading and research in a topic chosen in consultation with a supervisor. Admission requires agreement by a proposed faculty supervisor and submission of a proposal to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. Upon completion of a directed study course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: A minimum of 70 units and permission of the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee.

ENSC 316 - Engineering Electromagnetics I (3)

Basic vector calculus concepts required for the course and introduction to waves. Differential forms of Maxwell equations. Capacitors in circuits; capacitance and field energy. Inductors in circuits and inductance; electrical current, electromotive force, electrical resistance. Design considerations for engineering applications in devices through simulations (course project). Prerequisite: MATH 251 and (ENSC 220 or MSE 250), all with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 320 - Electric Circuits II (4)

Topics covered include: use of Laplace transform in circuit analysis, including poles and zeros, frequency response and impulse response: convolution as a method for computing circuit responses: resonant and bandpass circuits; magnetically coupled circuits; two port circuits; and filtering. Also includes a laboratory component dealing with the design and implementation of active filters. Prerequisite: (ENSC 220 or MSE 250), MATH 232, and (MATH 260 or MATH 310), all with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 324 - Electronic Devices (3)

The essential physics of silicon semiconductor devices that form the heart of integrated circuits today are covered. An introduction to semiconductor device physics upon which device models are based leading to the development of the drift-diffusion equations. The static and dynamic behavior of PN junction diodes, bipolar junction transistors, and field effect transistors will be covered along with the application of the developed device models to integrated circuit design. Prerequisite: (ENSC 220 or MSE 250), MATH 232, and (MATH 260 or MATH 310), all with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for ENSC 224 or PHYS 365 may not take ENSC 324 for further credit.

ENSC 325 - Microelectronics II (4)

This course introduces Students to analog integrated circuit design in the context of modern silicon integrated circuits technology. Topics included: integrated circuit technology and design tools; integrated component characteristics and limitations, differential amplifiers; multi stage amplifiers; feedback amplifiers; stability and frequency compensation; integrated operational amplifiers; bipolar and MOS digital circuits; analog aspects of digital electronics. Prerequisite: ENSC 225 or ENSC 226 or MSE 251, with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 327 - Communication Systems (4)

This course represents and introduction to analog and digital communications systems. The main topics are: a review of Fourier Transform; the representation of bandpass signals; random signals in communications, including stationarity, ergodicity, correlation, power spectra and noise; amplitude and frequency modulation; circuits and techniques for modulation and demodulation; frequency division multiplexing; baseband digital communication; time division and multiplexing; an introduction to basic digital modulation schemes such as BPSK, FSK and QPSK. Laboratory work is included in this course. Prerequisite: (ENSC 380 or MSE 280) and ENSC 280, all with a minimum grade of C-. Students who completed STAT 270 prior to Spring 2015 may use STAT 270 instead of ENSC 280.

ENSC 328 - Random Processes in Engineering (1)

An introduction to continuous-valued random processes, including first and second order statistics. Topics: definitions of random processes taking complex values in continuous time; autocorrelation and autocovariance functions in the time domain; stationarity, ergodicity; power spectral density in frequency domain; effect of linear filters; cross correlation functions and cross-power spectral densities. Prerequisite: (ENSC 380 or MSE 280) and ENSC 280, all with a minimum grade of C-. ENSC 280 may be taken concurrently with ENSC 328. Students who completed STAT 270 prior to Spring 2015 may use STAT 270 instead of ENSC 280. Students with credit for ENSC 327 may not take this course for further credit.

ENSC 350 - Digital Systems Design (4)

Presents advanced topics in digital design such as advanced state machine concepts, asynchronous design, hardware description languages, bus interfacing and DSP architecture. It also covers both the architecture and programming or field programmable logic devices. Some laboratory work is expected. Prerequisite: (ENSC 215 and either ENSC 250 or CMPT 250) or (ENSC 252 and ENSC 254), all with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 351 - Embedded and Real Time System Software (4)

Concentrates on the problems encountered when attempting to use computers in real time (RT) and embedded applications where the computer system must discern the state of the real world and react to it within stringent response time constraints. Both design methodology and practical implementation techniques for RT systems are presented. Although some hardware will be involved, it should be noted that this course concentrates on real time software. Prerequisite: (ENSC 151 and ENSC 215 and ENSC 250) or ENSC 254 or (CMPT 225 and (CMPT 250 or CMPT 295)), all with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 60 units. ENSC 351 is a required course for all engineering science major and honours students (no course substitutions are permitted). Students with credit for or who are concurrently enrolled in ENSC 451/MSE 450 cannot take this course for further credit.

ENSC 363 - Special Topics in Engineering Science (3)

Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum chair.

ENSC 364 - Special Topics in Engineering Science (4)

Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum chair.

ENSC 370 - Biomedical Engineering Directions (3)

An overview of the discipline of biomedical engineering, including its purpose and scope. Typical discussion topics: goals and limitations of biomedical engineering, the nature and relevant technologies of selected application areas, common aspects of biomedical practice, current trends and new directions in biomedical engineering. Students conduct extended investigations of biomedical practice, new biomedical techniques or possible new products, then prepare reports and present seminars. Prerequisite: Completion of at least 25 units of engineering science (ENSC) courses.

ENSC 380 - Linear Systems (3)

The objectives of this course are to cover the modelling and analysis of continuous and discrete signals using linear techniques. Topics covered include: a review of Laplace transforms; methods for the basic modelling of physical systems; discrete and continuous convolution; impulse and step response; transfer functions and filtering; the continuous Fourier transform and its relationship to the Laplace transform; frequency response and Bode plots; sampling; the Z-transform. Prerequisite: ENSC 180, ENSC 220 (or MSE 250) and (MATH 260 or MATH 310), all with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for MSE 280 or SEE 341 may not take ENSC 380 for further credit.

ENSC 383 - Feedback Control Systems (4)

This course is an introduction to the analysis, design, and applications of continuous time linear control systems. Topics include transfer function representation of open and closed loop systems, time domain specifications and steady state error, sensitivity analysis, time and frequency response, and stability criteria. It includes a treatment of methods for the analysis of control systems based on the root locus, Bode plots and Nyquist criterion, and their use in the design of PID, and lead-lag compensation. Lab work is included in this course. Prerequisite: ENSC 380 (or MSE 280), with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for MSE 381 or SEE 342 may not take ENSC 383 for further credit.

ENSC 385 - Statics and Strength of Materials (3)

Covers fundamental concepts of Statics and Strength of Materials. Statics: 2D and 3D force and moment systems, equilibrium of rigid bodies, analysis of structures, distributed forces, centroids and moments of inertia. Strength of Materials: introduction to stress and strain, axial loading, torsion, pure bending, analysis and design of beams for bending and combined loading, deflection of beams, and transformation of stresses. Prerequisite: (PHYS 120 or PHYS 140) and MATH 152, all with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for ENSC 281, MSE 221, or SEE 221 may not take this course for further credit.

ENSC 386 - Introduction to Mechanical Design (4)

This course presents the elements and principles involved in design and analysis of basic mechanical structures and mechanisms. Mechanical elements such as gears, cams and bearings and fundamental relationships between the forces and corresponding motion or deflection are investigated through examples and experiments. This background can then be used in the design, analysis and development of computer controlled machines such as robotic devices. Prerequisite: PHYS 120, (MATH 260 or MATH 310), and (ENSC 281 or ENSC 385), all with a minimum grade of C-. Students who have previously taken ENSC 230 cannot take this course for credit.

ENSC 387 - Introduction to Electro-Mechanical Sensors and Actuators (4)

This course provides an introduction to sensors and actuators for electromechanical, computer-controlled machines and devices. Topics include operating principles, design considerations, and applications of analog sensors, digital transducers, stepper motors, continuous-drive actuators, and drive system electronics. Component integration and design considerations are studied through examples selected from applications of machine tools, mechatronics, precision machines, robotics, aerospace systems, and ground and underwater vehicles. Laboratory exercises strengthen the understanding of component performance, system design and integration. Prerequisite: ENSC 380 or MSE 280, with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for MSE 310 may not take ENSC 387 for further credit.

ENSC 395 - Industrial Internship III (3)

Third four month internship in industry. Credit is awarded as in ENSC 195. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: ENSC 295 or 296 and a minimum of 75 units.

ENSC 396 - Special Internship III (3)

Four month internship in industry or university research environment. Approved entrepreneurial projects will also be accepted. Credit is awarded as in ENSC 195. Units from this course do not count towards the units required for an SFU degree. Prerequisite: ENSC 295 or 296, a minimum of 75 units and approval of internship co-ordinator required.

ENSC 400 - Directed Studies in Engineering Science (4)

Directed reading and research in a topic chosen in consultation with a supervisor. Admission requires agreement by a proposed faculty supervisor and submission of a proposal to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. Upon completion of a directed study course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: A minimum of 100 units and permission of the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee.

ENSC 401 - Directed Studies in Engineering Science (4)

Directed reading and research in a topic chosen in consultation with a supervisor. Admission requires agreement by a proposed faculty supervisor and submission of a proposal to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. Upon completion of a directed study course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: A minimum of 100 units and permission of the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee.

ENSC 402 - Directed Studies in Engineering Science (4)

Directed reading and research in a topic chosen in consultation with a supervisor. Admission requires agreement by a proposed faculty supervisor and submission of a proposal to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. Upon completion of a directed study course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: A minimum of 100 units and permission of the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee.

ENSC 403 - Directed Studies in Engineering Science (3)

Directed reading and research in a topic chosen in consultation with a supervisor. Admission requires agreement by a proposed faculty supervisor and submission of a proposal to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. Upon completion of a directed study course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: A minimum of 100 units and permission of the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee.

ENSC 405W - Capstone A: Project Design, Management, and Documentation (3)

This is the first course in a group-based, two-course capstone sequence: ENSC 405W, ENSC 440. Topics include group writing processes, project documentation and engineering design, group dynamics, engineering standards, project management, dispute resolution, intellectual property, entrepreneurship, and user interface design. These groups will be maintained for the completion of the capstone project in ENSC 440. Students must take ENSC 440 in the term directly following successful completion of ENSC 405W. Prerequisite: (ENSC 105W or MSE 101W), ENSC 204, all with a minimum grade of C-, completion of a minimum of 22 units of required upper division ENSC courses, and completion of (or concurrent enrollment in) two upper division technical electives meeting the requirements of the program. Students are required to complete at least two co-ops before enrolling in ENSC 440 Capstone B. Capstone B must be taken in the term immediately following Capstone A. Enrollment into Capstone A is by approval of the department via Capstone application form. Engineering Science students cannot take MSE 410, MSE 411, SEE 410W or SEE 411 for credit. Students who have taken (ENSC 304 and ENSC 305W) may not take ENSC 405W for credit. Writing.

ENSC 406 - Engineering Ethics, Law, and Professional Practice (2)

This course provides an introduction to the engineering profession, professional practice, engineering law and ethics, including the issues of worker and public safety. It also offers opportunities to explore the social implications and environmental impacts of technologies, including sustainability, and to consider engineers' responsibility to society. Prerequisite: 100 units including one of ENSC 100, ENSC 106, CMPT 106, or MSE 102, with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for MSE 402 or SEE 402 may not take ENSC 406 for further credit.

ENSC 410 - The Business of Engineering (3)

This course covers the business, management and entrepreneurial concepts that are important to engineers who manage projects, run businesses, or need to decide on the most efficient method for accomplishing a task. The topics to be covered include: financial accounting, rates of return, taxes, cost-benefit analyses, marketing, financing methods, and business plans. Prerequisite: A minimum of 80 units is required to enroll in this course. Students with credit for ENSC 201 or ENSC 411 cannot complete this course for further credit.

ENSC 411 - The Business of Entrepreneurial Engineering (4)

This course combines the engineering economics covered in ENSC 201 with a series of guest lectures on entrepreneurship and the writing of a business plan in collaboration with students from the Beedie School of Business. Prerequisite: Students must have completed 90 units and have a GPA above 3.0. Students with credit for ENSC 201 or ENSC 410 cannot complete this course for further credit.

ENSC 412 - Technologies, Cultures and a Sustainable World (3)

Technology issues relevant to global sustainable development are considered from engineering, historical and anthropological perspectives. Topics include hydroelectric dams, alternative power generation systems, and the science of climate change. In-depth case studies emphasize interdisciplinary exploration of these themes. Prerequisite: Minimum 60 units. Students may take only one of SD 412, ENSC 412 or ENV 412 for credit. Breadth-Science.

ENSC 413 - Deep Learning Systems in Engineering (4)

Machine learning basics, generalization theory, training, validation, and testing. Introduction to artificial neural networks: feedforward, convolutional, recurrent networks. Types of layers in deep models. Architectural and memory calculations. Regularization and optimization. Hardware architectures for deep learning. The course culminates in a major project focusing on engineering applications of deep learning. Prerequisite: MATH 251, ENSC 280, ENSC 351, ENSC 380, all with a minimum grade of B. Students with credit for ENSC 813 may not take this course for further credit.

ENSC 416 - Engineering Electromagnetics II: Design (4)

Introduction to boundary value problems, intermediate description of waves. Differential and integral forms of Maxwell equations. Transmission lines, co-axial cables, optical waveguides: antennas, Smith charts. Design of impedance matching networks. Reflection and transmission in complex networks. Cross-talk and interference in circuits. Prerequisite: ENSC 316 and MATH 254, both with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 424 - Multimedia Communications Engineering (4)

This course covers the technical basis for multimedia communications systems. The main topics are as follows: methods for audio and visual signal compression and processing; the communications requirements of multimedia systems, such as synchronization, quality of service and bandwidth; the architectures and protocols associated with multimedia communications networks. Prerequisite: ENSC 380 or MSE 280, with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units.

ENSC 425 - Electronic System Design (4)

The principles and processes involved in designing analog circuits, emphasizing the functional blocks that comprise subsystems of a larger analog signal processing system. Topics include linear and nonlinear amplifiers, active filters, signal generators, signal modulators, switchmode power converters and analog/digital data conversion. The effects of non-ideal aspects of IC operational amplifiers on system performance are discussed and verified using laboratory projects. Students should be familiar with the behaviour and application of discrete semiconductor devices. Prerequisite: ENSC 320, ENSC 325, (ENSC 380 or MSE 280), all with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units.

ENSC 426 - High Frequency Electronics (4)

Transmission lines and waveguides, microwave devices, travelling wave devices. An introduction to the theory of radiation, antennae and wave propagation, and microwave scattering theory. The design of complete communication systems incorporating microwave, optical and satellite channels. Laboratory work is included in this course.Physics students with credit for PHYS 326 and PHYS 421 may take this course with permission of the instructor. Prerequisite: Completion of 80 units including (ENSC 416 or PHYS 421) and ENSC 325, with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 427 - Communication Networks (4)

Quantitative performance analysis and design of data and integrated services networks. Re-transmission error recovery schemes, networks of queues, congestion control, routing strategies. Multiple access techniques in data networks, design for specified throughput and delay performance. Wireless networks, routing approaches in mobile networks. Analysis and design of broadband integrated services digital networks, asynchronous time division multiplexing. Laboratory work is included in this course. Prerequisite: ENSC 327 with a minimum grade of C-. A minimum of 80 units required. Engineering students may not take CMPT 371 as a substitute for ENSC 427.

ENSC 428 - Digital Communications (4)

This course will cover the physical-layer design issues in digital communication systems. The major topics covered are: information measures and the notion of channel capacity; link budgets; digital modulation techniques, including the signal space concept and optimal detectors, error performance in noise, suboptimal detectors, pulse shaping, synchronization, and equalization; error control techniques such as block and conventional codes, as well as comparisons between FEC and ARQ. Laboratory work is included in this course. Prerequisite: ENSC 327 with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units.

ENSC 429 - Digital Signal Processing (4)

Discrete time signals and systems, sampling and quantization. The Discrete Fourier Transform and fast transforms. Digital filters, IIR and FIR, design procedures and implementations. Quantization noise in digital filters and transforms. Random signals, the response to linear systems to random signals. Introduction to adaptive systems. Introduction to system architectures for digital signal processing. Laboratory work includes familiarization with digital signal processing software packages. Prerequisite: (ENSC 327 or ENSC 328), (ENSC 380 or MSE 280), all with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units.

ENSC 440 - Capstone B: Engineering Design Project (3)

This is the second course in the group-based, two-course capstone sequence: ENSC 405W (Capstone A), and ENSC 440 (Capstone B). The capstone design course is based around a group project that consists of researching, designing, building and testing the hardware implementation of a working system. The course also includes material on how to design for safety and a shop training workshop. In order to obtain credit, students must successfully complete both courses. Students may not take Capstone B and Co-op in the same term. Prerequisite: ENSC 405W with a minimum grade of C-. Students will be automatically enrolled in ENSC 440 in the term immediately following successful completion of ENSC 405W. Students with credit for ENSC 440W, ENSC 442 or MSE 411 or SEE 411 may not take this course for further credit.

ENSC 450 - VLSI Systems Design (4)

An introduction to the design of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits and systems (System-on-Chip, SoC) using mainly CMOS technology. SoC design techniques and applications will be covered. Basic topics will include: CMOS technology and circuit layout rules; combinational and sequential logic; logic simulation; systems design; design for verification and testability; and embedded-processor design and application. An advanced digital design flow based on the VHDL hardware description language will be introduced and exercised in the labs. Prerequisite: (ENSC 225 or MSE 251 or SEE 231) and ENSC 350, all with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units.

ENSC 452 - Advanced Digital System Design (4)

Digital system design considerations including methodologies, specification, SoC partitioning, fault tolerance, design reuse, debugging and verification. Prerequisite: ENSC 350 and 351, with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units.

ENSC 453 - Programming for Heterogeneous Computing Systems (4)

The computing industry has been actively exploring specialized and programmable hardware accelerators, such as GPUs and FPGAs, to bring orders-of-magnitude performance and energy gains for important application domains. This course covers fundamental concepts, designs, and programming of heterogeneous computing systems, including multicore CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. Prerequisite: ENSC 350 and ENSC 351, both with a minimum grade of C-. Students with credit for ENSC 462 under the title "Programming for Heterogeneous Computing Systems" may not take this course for further credit.

ENSC 460 - Special Topics in Engineering Science (4)

Studies in areas not included within the undergraduate course offerings of the engineering science program. Prerequisite: To be determined by the instructor subject to approval by the department chair.

ENSC 461 - Special Topics in Engineering Science (4)

Studies in areas not included within the undergraduate course offerings of the engineering science program. Prerequisite: To be determined by the instructor subject to approval by the department chair.

ENSC 462 - Special Topics in Engineering Science (4)

Studies in areas not included within the undergraduate course offerings of the engineering science program. Prerequisite: To be determined by the instructor subject to approval by the department chair.

ENSC 470 - Optical and Laser Engineering Applications (4)

A practical, hands-on introduction to optical engineering and lasers. Covers the concepts of light, optics (geometric optics, Gaussian optics, multiple optical elements, lens aberrations), laser concepts, operational details of major laser types, laser interactions with optical systems, laser applications in engineering and medicine, complex optical system design and fiber optics. Labs cover optical systems, lasers measurements, optical CAD design, holography. Prerequisite: Completion of 80 units including (PHYS 121 or 126 or 141) and (MATH 260 or MATH 310), with a minimum grade of C-.

ENSC 474 - Digital/Medical Image Processing (4)

Develops signal processing techniques of wide applicability, presented in the context of processing and analysis of digital images, in particular 2D and3D biomedical images. Covers acquisition, formation and representation of digital images, filtering, enhancement and restoration in both spatial and frequency domains, image segmentation, image registration, and discrete image transforms. Prerequisite: ((ENSC 180 and ENSC 251) or CMPT 225) with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units. Students with credit for ENSC 460/895-Digital Image Processing and Analysis cannot take this course for further credit.

ENSC 475 - Biomedical Instrumentation (4)

Instrumentation techniques for measuring common physiological signals. Bioelectric and biochemical sensors. Biostimulation. Electronic design issues: electrical safety, signal conditioning and protection against noise, digital signal acquisition. Live subject ethical considerations. Laboratory work to include use of data acquisition packages in conjunction with various sensors, as well as design and construction of a full signal acquisition chain, from sensor to RAM. Prerequisite: (ENSC 225 or MSE 251), ENSC 320, (ENSC 380 or MSE 280), all with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units. ENSC 380/MSE 280 can be taken concurrently. Students with credit for ENSC 372 cannot take this course for further credit.

ENSC 476 - Biophotonics and Microscopy Techniques (4)

Basic physics and applications of light-biomatter interactions, tissue optics and microscopy instrumentation. With this background students will embark on practical issues such as light-induced effects in bio-systems, microscopy diagnostic techniques, therapeutic instrumentation and applications, optical tomography and recent developments in optical sensors. Lectures are accompanied by laboratory evaluation projects plus a final design and fabrication project. Prerequisite: Completion of 80 units including PHYS 121 or 102 or 141, with a minimum grade of C-. Recommended: ENSC 376 or 470.

ENSC 477 - Biomedical Image Acquisition (4)

Provides an understanding of the scientific principles, physics and engineering technology that provide the basis for the various techniques (radiography, sonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), by which medical images are acquired. Prerequisite: (ENSC 380 or MSE 280) with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units. Students with credit for ENSC 374 cannot take this course for further credit.

ENSC 481 - Designing for Reliability (4)

Aspects of quality control and reliability in manufacturing environments will be discussed, including stress and strain, failure modes, reliability testing, statistical and experimental methods, and destructive/non destructive testing. Prerequisite: (ENSC 330 or ENSC 280) with a minimum grade of C- and 80 units. Students with credit for ENSC 435 may not take this course for further credit.

ENSC 482 - Introduction to Decision Making in Engineering (4)

Covers topics from decision theory, pattern classification and optimization theory. In addition, it introduces students to the design and development of interactive decision making tools which can assist designers during the design process. Prerequisite: MATH 232, MACM 316, (ENSC 280 or MSE 210 or PHYS 231), all with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units.

ENSC 483 - Modern Control Systems (4)

Analytical representation of the finite dimensional linear systems, analysis and design of linear feedback control systems based on the state space model, and state/output feedback. Topics include: review of the linear spaces and operators, mathematical modelling, state space representation and canonical forms, controllability, observability, realization of transfer function, and solution of the state equation. Applications include: stability concepts and definitions. Lyapunov's Direct Method, design of the state and output feedback control systems, eigenspectrum assignment, and state estimator design. Prerequisite: ENSC 383 or MSE 381, with a minimum grade of C- and a minimum of 80 units. Students with credit for MSE 483 may not take ENSC 483 for further credit.

ENSC 488 - Introduction to Robotics (4)

Fundamentals of robotics: mathematical representation of kinematics, dynamics and compliance. Planning and execution of robot trajectories. Feedback from the environment: use of sensors and machine vision. A brief introduction to robot languages. Different application domains for manipulator robots, e.g., assembly, manufacturing, etc. Prerequisite: (ENSC 230 or ENSC 386) and (ENSC 383 or MSE 381), all with a minimum grade of C- and 80 units.

ENSC 491 - Special Project Laboratory (1)

This course is intended for students wishing to pursue laboratory research on a specific topic outside the standard course offerings. Each student must be sponsored by a faculty member who will oversee the project. A proposal of the student's special project must be submitted to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. The unit value of the project will be assessed during this review phase and the student will be directed to enrol in the appropriate course. Upon completion of a special project laboratory course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum committee chair.

ENSC 492 - Special Project Laboratory (2)

This course is intended for students wishing to pursue laboratory research on a specific topic outside the standard course offerings. Each student must be sponsored by a faculty member who will oversee the project. A proposal of the student's special project must be submitted to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. The unit value of the project will be assessed during this review phase and the student will be directed to register in the appropriate course. Upon completion of a special project laboratory course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum committee chair.

ENSC 493 - Special Project Laboratory (3)

This course is intended for students wishing to pursue laboratory research on a specific topic outside the standard course offerings. Each student must be sponsored by a faculty member who will oversee the project. A proposal of the student's special project must be submitted to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. The unit value of the project will be assessed during this review phase and the student will be directed to register in the appropriate course. Upon completion of a special project laboratory course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum committee chair.

ENSC 494 - Special Project Laboratory (4)

This course is intended for students wishing to pursue laboratory research on a specific topic outside the standard course offerings. Each student must be sponsored by a faculty member who will oversee the project. A proposal of the student's special project must be submitted to the school at least one month prior to the start of the term in which the course will be taken. The unit value of the project will be assessed during this review phase and the student will be directed to register in the appropriate course. Upon completion of a special project laboratory course, the student must submit a copy of the 'deliverables' to the chair of the undergraduate curriculum committee. Prerequisite: Permission of the undergraduate curriculum committee chair.

ENSC 495 - Introduction to Microelectronic Fabrication (4)

Lectures provide the theory of integrated circuit fabrication. Students fabricate diodes, transistors and test structures in the laboratory. Topics: clean room practice, thermal oxidation and diffusion, photolithography, thin film deposition, etching, ion implantation, packaging, CMOS and bipolar processes. Prerequisite: ENSC 225 or MSE 251 or PHYS 365 or SEE 231, with a minimum grade of C- and permission of the instructor and a minimum of 80 units. Enrollment in this course is by application only.

ENSC 498 - Engineering Science Thesis Proposal (1)

Supervised study, research and preliminary work leading to a formal proposal for the thesis project work in ENSC 499. This activity can be directly augmented by other course work and by directed study. The locale of the work may be external to the University or within a University laboratory, or may bridge the two locations. Supervision may be by technical personnel at an external organization, or by faculty members, or through some combination. At least one of the supervisors must be a registered professional engineer. A plan for the student's ENSC 498 activities must be submitted to the school at the time of enrolment in the course. Completion of the undergraduate thesis project proposal is the formal requirement of this course and the basis upon which it is graded. Grading will be on a pass/fail basis. Prerequisite: At least 115 units or permission of the academic supervisor.

ENSC 499 - Engineering Science Undergraduate Thesis (9)

A thesis is based on the research or development project that incorporates a significant level of engineering design. This work is typically undertaken in the student's final year, but in no case before the student has completed 115 units. Registration for ENSC 499 takes place in the term in which the thesis will be presented and defended. The locale of the work, supervision and other arrangements follow those for ENSC 498. Grading of the thesis will be on a pass/fail basis, but recognition will be given to outstanding work. Prerequisite: ENSC 498 with a minimum grade of P.

ENSC 701 - Graduate Co-op I (3)

This course is the first term of work experience in the School of Engineering Science Co-operative Education Program for graduate students. A final report will be submitted and graded by the student's Senior supervisor. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: The student must have finished at least two terms in the program with a minimum CGPA of 3.0 before taking this course. Approval of Senior Supervisor is needed.

ENSC 702 - Graduate Co-op II (3)

Following ENSC 701-3, this course is the second term of work experience in the School of Engineering Science Co-operative Education Program for graduate students. A final report will be submitted and graded by the student's Senior supervisor or delegate. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: ENSC 701-3, a minimum CGPA of 3.0, and approval of the Senior Supervisor and a GPC representative.

ENSC 703 - Graduate Co-op III (3)

Following ENSC 701-3 and ENSC 702-3, this course is the third term of work experience in the School of Engineering Science Co-operative Education Program for graduate students. A final report will be submitted by the student and graded by the student’s Senior Supervisor or delegate. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: ENSC 702-3, a minimum CGPA of 3.0, and approval of the Senior Supervisor and a GPC representative.

ENSC 704 - Industrial Internship (3)

The first term of an internship in industry or a research environment for MASc, PhD and MEng students. A final report will be submitted and graded by the student's supervisor. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: 12 units of ENSC course work at the 800-level or higher with an SFU CGPA of at least 3.0. Approval of supervisor and a GPC representative is required prior to applying for, and accepting an internship.

ENSC 801 - Linear Systems Theory (3)

State-space analysis of finite dimensional continuous and discrete time linear systems. Linear vector spaces, linear operators, normed linear spaces, and inner product spaces. Fundamentals of matrix algebra; generalized inverses, solution of Ax=y and AXB=Y, least square and recursive least square estimation, induced norm and matrix measures, functions of a square matrix, Cayley-Hamilton and Sylvester's theorems, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) with applications. Analytical representation of linear systems, state-space formulation, solution of the state equation and determination of the system's response. Controllability, observability, duality, canonical forms, and minimal realization concepts. Stability analysis and the Lyapunov's method. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

ENSC 802 - Stochastic Systems (3)

The application of theories in probability, random variables and stochastic processes in the analysis and modelling of engineering systems. Topics include: a review of probability and random variables; random deviate generation; convergence of random sequences; random processes; auto correlation and power spectral-density; linear systems with stochastic inputs; mean-square calculus; AR and ARMA models; Markov chains; elementary queuing theory; an introduction to estimation theory. Areas of application include digital communications, speech and image processing, control, radar and Monte Carlo simulations. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

ENSC 803 - Writing for Publication (3)

Through discourse analysis and simulation of the publication process, ENSC 803 enables the analysis and refinement of writing processes and written styles when preparing journal articles, oral conference presentations, and poster presentations in professional contexts. Students will write and revise an article suitable for publication in a professional journal, design a poster presentation, and design and deliver an oral conference presentation. Additionally, students will blind review a peer's journal article and will participate in a series of team-based discourse analysis exercises.

ENSC 805 - Advanced Digital Communications (3)

This course discusses the fundamental techniques used in the physical layer of a digital communication system. The main topics are as follow: digital modulation, including complex baseband representations, the concept of the signal space, optimal demodulation, bit error probability analysis, as well as timing and carrier recovery; error control techniques, including soft decision decoding and the Viterbi algorithms; and various kinds of equalization (linear, decision feedback, and maximum likelihood sequences estimation). Sub topics of the equalization section include pulse shaping and eye diagrams. The emphasis may vary slightly in different offerings. Prerequisite: ENSC 428 or equivalent. ENSC 802 (as a corequisite) or permission of instructor.

ENSC 808 - Information Theory (3)

Information measures: entropy, relative entropy, mutual information, entropy rate, differential entropy. Asymptotic Equipartition Property. Lossless data compression: Kraft inequality, Huffman code, Shannon code, Arithmetic coding. Channel capacity: binary symmetric channel, binary erasure channel, Shannon's channel coding theorem, Gaussian channel, feedback. Prerequisite: STAT 270 or equivalent.

ENSC 810 - Statistical Signal Processing (3)

Processing techniques for continuous and discrete signals with initially unknown or time-varying characteristics. Parameter estimation; Bayes, MAP, maximum likelihood, least squares the Cramer-Rao bound. Linear estimation, prediction, power spectrum estimation, lattice filters. Adaptive filtering by LMS and recursive least squares. Kalman filtering. Eigenmethods for spectral estimation. Implementation issues and numerical methods of computation are considered throughout. Prerequisite: ENSC 802 and 429 or their equivalents.

ENSC 813 - Deep Learning Systems in Engineering (3)

Covers machine learning basics, generalization theory, training, validation and testing. Introduces artificial neural networks, feedforward networks, convolutional networks, and types of layers in deep models. Provides overview of hardware architectures for deep learning: architectural and memory calculations; regularization and optimization of deep learning models. Analyzes recurrent and discursive networks. Culminates in a major project focusing on engineering applications of deep learning in signal processing, communications, biomedical engineering, robotics, or other areas. Prerequisite: MATH 251 or ENSC 280 or ENSC 380 or permission of instructor. Students with credit for CMPT 880 - Special Topics in Computing Science: Deep Learning may not take this course for further credit.

ENSC 815 - Subband and Sparse Signal Processing (3)

Theory and applications of subband and sparse signal processing. Topics include: subband signal processing (wavelets and filter banks), sparse and redundant signal representations and reconstructions, and the latest research topics. Prerequisite: ENSC 429 or equivalent.

ENSC 820 - Engineering Management for Development Projects (3)

This course focuses on the management and reporting activities of typical engineering development projects. Through seminars and workshops it builds the student's skills at estimating project cost and schedule, keeping a project on track, and handing over the completed project to a customer or another team. A writing workshop emphasizes techniques for writing proposals, and writing and controlling documentation. Note that ENSC 820 will not count towards the course work requirement of students enrolled in the MASc program.

ENSC 832 - Mobile and Personal Communications (3)

Propagation phenomena, modulation techniques and system design considerations for mobile and personal networks. Topics include: fading and shadowing, noise and interference effects, analog and digital transmission, cellular designs, multiple access techniques. Prerequisite: ENSC 802 or permission of instructor.

ENSC 833 - Network Protocols and Performance (3)

This course covers the techniques needed to understand and analyse modern communications networks. The main topics are as follow: practical techniques for the design and performance analysis of data communication networks; performance analysis of error control, flow and congestion control, and routing; networks of queues using stochastic and mean value analysis; polling and random access LANs and MANs; wireless networks; broadband integrated services digital networks and asynchronous transfer mode; optical networks. Prerequisite: ENSC 802 or permission of instructor.

ENSC 835 - Communication Networks (3)

Techniques needed to understand and analyze modern data communications networks. Basic architecture of packet networks and their network elements (switches, routers, bridges), and the protocols used to enable transmission of packets through the network. Techniques for collection, characterization, and modeling of traffic in packet networks. Aspects of traffic management, such as call admission control and congestion control algorithms in packet networks and the influence of traffic on network performance. Prerequisite: ENSC 427 or permission of the instructor.

ENSC 850 - Semiconductor Device Theory (3)

Detailed treatment at the graduate level of semiconductor fundamentals and theory. Electronic properties and characteristics of selected semiconductor devices: pn junctions, Schottky barrier junctions, silicon-based heterojunctions and ohmic contacts; bipolar junction transistors; field effect transistors; heterostructures; charge coupled devices and microwave devices. Prerequisite: PHYS 365 or permission of instructor.

ENSC 851 - Integrated Circuit Technology (3)

Review of semiconductor physics. Technology of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits: material evaluation, crystal growth, doping, epitaxy, thermal diffusion, ion implantation, lithography and device patterning, and thin film formation. Design and fabrication of active and passive semiconductor devices, packaging techniques and reliability of integrated circuits.

ENSC 852 - Analog Integrated Circuits (3)

Models for integrated circuit activity and passive devices and their implementation; computer aided design tools and their use in designing analog integrated circuits; analysis of single transistor amplifiers; current sources, current mirrors, and voltage references; op-amps characteristics, analyses and circuit design examples; frequency response of integrated circuits; noise in integrated circuits; low power integrated circuits; non-linear analog integrated circuits. The students will be required to either design, fabricate and test simple analog ICs in the microelectronics lab, or do a project which involves the design, analysis, modeling and simulation of an analog integrated circuit. Prerequisite: ENSC 850 or permission of instructor.

ENSC 853 - Digital CMOS Integrated Circuits (3)

MOS device electronics. Second Order Effects in MOS transistors. BJT device electronics. Static and transient analysis of inverters. Digital gates, circuits and circuit techniques. Speed and power dissipation. Memory systems. Gate arrays, semicustom and customized integrated circuits. CAD tools. Students are required to complete a project. Prerequisite: ENSC 850 or permission of the instructor.

ENSC 854 - Integrated Microsensors and Actuators (3)

Microelectronic transducer principles, classification, fabrication and application areas. Silicon micromachining and its application to integrated microelectronic sensors and actuators. CMOS compatible micromachining, static, dynamic and kinematic microactuator fabrication. Integrated transducer system design and applications. Students will be required to complete a micromachining project in the microfabrication lab at ENSC. Prerequisite: ENSC 475 and ENSC 495 or permission of instructor.

ENSC 859 - Biomedical Microdevices and Systems (3)

This course introduces students to microdevices and systems with applications in biology, chemistry, and medicine. Topics include microfabrication techniques of biocompatible materials including polymers; microfluidic theory and components; electro-osmotic flow and separation techniques; system integration; and a selection of key applications including micro total analysis systems, cell and tissue applications, implantable/transdermal devices, biosensors, and biotechnology (PCR, DNA chips). Prerequisite: Recommended: ENSC 495/851 or ENSC 854.

ENSC 861 - Advanced Multimedia Compression (3)

The theory and applications of multimedia compression and transmission. Topics include: basic information theory, transforms, quantization, entropy coding, various coding standards, and design of multimedia communication systems. Prerequisite: ENSC 429 or equivalent.

ENSC 870 - MEng Course Option Portfolio

Students in the course option of the MEng program develop a portfolio of their MEng graduate work. This includes a brief report submitted to the Graduate Program Committee that describes the work undertaken in each course and how the overall set of courses contributes to their areas of expertise and future careers. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: Students may only register for the ENSC 870-0 during their final term.

ENSC 880 - PhD Qualifying Examination

Qualifying examination for admission to doctoral candidate standing in the School of Engineering Science. A written thesis proposal is to be submitted to the Supervisory Committee and presented orally no earlier than two weeks after submission. The proposal's defence will be judged according to the feasibility and scientific merits of the proposed research, and demonstration of a sophisticated understanding of general material in the student's major area of research. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Prerequisite: ENSC PhD student.

ENSC 887 - Computational Robotics (3)

A main goal of computational robotics is to automatically synthesize robot motions to achieve a given task. This course discusses geometric and algorithmic issues that arise in such an endeavour. For example: how can a robot plan its own collision-free motions? How does it grasp a given object? How do we account for uncertainty? The course employs a broad range of tools from computational geometry, mechanics, algorithms and control. The material covered also finds applications in designing devices for automation and in computer animation. The course involves a substantial project which exposes students to practical and implementational issues involved in building automatic motion planning capabilities for robotic systems. Prerequisite: ENSC 488 and a basic course in data structures and algorithms, or permission of the instructor.

ENSC 890 - Advanced Robotics: Mechanics and Control (3)

Robotic applications are extensively involved in various fields such as manufacturing and health care with new, efficient tools and methods having been developed for modelling and co-ordinating such devices. The main focus of this course is to introduce these tools and methods for kinematic and dynamic modelling approaches. These new approaches allow more intuitive and geometrical representation of motion and interaction in any articulated multi-body system such as robotics devices. The course offers valuable background for students involved in computer graphics (e.g. animation), human/machine interface (e.g. haptic interface), control engineers (e.g. trajectory planning, master/slave system) and robotic designers. The course involves individual projects in modelling and co-ordination of a robotic device. Prerequisite: Introductory course in robotics (ENSC 488) or permission of the instructor.

ENSC 891 - Directed Studies I (3)

ENSC 892 - Directed Studies II (3)

ENSC 893 - Special Topics I (3)

ENSC 894 - Special Topics II (3)

ENSC 895 - Special Topics III (3)

ENSC 896 - MEng Project (Completion) (6)

Students who do not complete ENSC 897 in one term must enroll for this course in all subsequent terms. The tuition for ENSC 896 is half of that of ENSC 897. Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

ENSC 897 - MEng Project (6)

Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

ENSC 898 - MASc Thesis (18)

Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.

ENSC 899 - PhD Thesis (18)

Graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.