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Dynamics or Dynamic |
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Music / Electroacoustics |
Strictly speaking, dynamics refer to the variations in loudness of a musical composition or specific notes.
Compare: Dynamic Range, Volume.
The most common dynamic markings, from quietest to loudest, are the following:
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pp |
pianissimo (very soft) |
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p |
piano (soft) |
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mp |
mezzo-piano (medium soft) |
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mf |
mezzo-forte (medium loud) |
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f |
forte (loud) |
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ff |
fortissimo (very loud) |
These terms have no absolute values and are relative to one another according to the context of the music. Changes in dynamic levels are indicated as follows:
decresc. decrescendo (decreasing loudness)
In electroacoustic applications, the term dynamic refers to time-dependent behaviour, such as the motion of a dynamic microphone, or the time-dependence of dynamic filtering or spatial modulation.