SAS Companion for the Microsoft Windows Environment

Producing Graphics

For full details about using SAS/GRAPH software, see SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference. For further details about using graphics and fonts with the SAS System under Windows, see Overview of Graphics Considerations.

Producing Graphics on Your Display

In most cases, output is automatically displayed on your monitor when you run a SAS/GRAPH procedure; it is not necessary to specify a SAS/GRAPH device driver. Information about your graphics display is stored in a Windows information file and is automatically used by the SAS System during an interactive SAS session.

Here is a simple example of how to produce a graphic:

data hat;
   do x=-5 to 5 by .25;
      do y=-5 to 5 by .25;
         z=sin(sqrt(x*x+y*y));
         output;
      end;
   end;
proc g3d data=hat;
   plot y*x=z/ctop=red;
   title 'Cowboy Hat with G3D';
run;
quit;

Cowboy Hat Program Output shows the output for this program:

Cowboy Hat Program Output

[IMAGE]

If you use the DEVICE= option in the GOPTIONS statement to route your graphics to a hardcopy device, and then you want to return to using your monitor to display graphics, you must specify a driver. Submit the following statement to display graphics output on your monitor:

goptions device=win;

You should also use the WIN device driver to produce graphics on your display when you run your SAS job in batch mode.

If you specify that your program output is to be displayed in HTML, your graphic is converted to a .GIF file and stored in the same folder as your SAS System data set. For more information, see The Complete Guide to the SAS Output Delivery System.

Printing Graphics

You can use two methods to print output from SAS/GRAPH:

Use a Windows printer driver for your device (supplied with Windows or with your output device). This method allows SAS/GRAPH to send generic graphics commands to the Windows printer driver, which then translates the commands to a format the printer can use.
Use a SAS/GRAPH printer driver to create a printer-specific graphics stream that can be sent directly to the device. When you use a SAS/GRAPH printer driver (also called a SAS/GRAPH native printer driver, meaning that it creates output using the printer language that is native to the target device), SAS bypasses the Windows printer drivers and creates printer-ready output for your device. SAS/GRAPH printer drivers on Windows are similar to those used by the SAS System on mainframe and UNIX operating systems.

After SAS prepares output for a printer (by using either Windows printer drivers or a SAS/GRAPH printer driver), the output is sent to the Windows Print Manager, which then queues it for printing on the device of your choice. SAS/GRAPH Generic Printer Drivers versus SAS/GRAPH Native Printer Drivers illustrates how you can use the two sets of printer drivers within SAS/GRAPH to produce output for a given device.

SAS/GRAPH Generic Printer Drivers versus SAS/GRAPH Native Printer Drivers

[IMAGE]

The method that you choose depends on the output device you are using. For more information, see Choosing between a SAS/GRAPH Native Driver and the WINPxxx Driver. You can control both graphics printing methods by using either the Print and Print Setup dialog boxes or the SYSPRINT= option and the GOPTIONS DEVICE= statement.

Using the SAS/GRAPH Generic (WINPxxx) Drivers

To print a graphic using the SAS/GRAPH generic device drivers with the Windows printer drivers:

From the File pull-down menu, select Print Setup and verify that the Printer field in the Print Setup dialog box contains the correct Windows printer driver and port. You can use the Print Setup dialog box to select any printer driver/port combinations that you have installed in Print Manager. (To install new drivers and port combinations, you can use the Add Printer Wizard in Windows, which you can access through the Windows Control Panel.)
Alternatively, you can use the SYSPRINT system option to assign the destination printer (for example, options sysprint='HP LaserJet III';). Note that you may assign only printer driver names that have been previously configured in Windows.
Run your SAS/GRAPH program with the following GOPTIONS: GOPTIONS DEVICE=WINPxxx; The value of WINPxxx you specify depends on the type of output device you use to print your graph:

WINPRTM

for black and white (monochrome) printers

WINPRTG

for grayscale printers

WINPRTC

for color printers

WINPLOT

for plotters.

The orientation of graphics output is determined by the following:

If you specify the GOPTIONS ROTATE= option, the output is oriented according to the value you specify for ROTATE. For example, if you specify goptions rotate=landscape, then the output is oriented as landscape, regardless of the settings in the Print Setup dialog box.
If you do not use the GOPTIONS ROTATE= option, the output is oriented according to the settings in the Print Setup dialog box.

Note: Graphic printing is affected by the margins specified in the Page Setup dialog box. If you modify the margins when printing graphics and your intention is to keep the graphic proportional, be sure to change the Top and Bottom margins by the same amount you change the Left and Right margins. [cautionend]

Using the SAS/GRAPH Native Printer Drivers

SAS/GRAPH native drivers produce output in the native language of the target device. Examples of SAS/GRAPH native drivers include:

PS produces Postscript output

HPLJS3 produces output in the PCL5 language used by Hewlett Packard LaserJet III printers

HP7550 produces HPGL output used by Hewlett Packard 7550 plotters.

After the SAS/GRAPH native printer driver has produced output in the native language of the target device, SAS then routes the output to the device using Windows Print Manager. The SAS System bypasses the Windows driver that is currently associated with the target device, but it does respect the destination specified in the Print Setup dialog box when deciding where to send the output.

To print a graph using a SAS/GRAPH printer driver, run your SAS/GRAPH program with the following GOPTIONS:

goptions device=driver-name;

where driver-name is the name of a valid SAS/GRAPH device driver. For example,

goptions device=hpljs2;

formats the graph for the Hewlett-Packard LaserJet Series II printer. (You can view the complete list of SAS/GRAPH drivers by submitting the PROC GDEVICE statement.)

To print a graph to a printer file (also called a graphics stream file, or GSF) instead of directly to a printer, specify the GSFNAME option on the GOPTIONS statement with the filename or fileref that points to where you want the output. For example:

filename graphout "graphpic.prn";
goptions gsfname=graphout gsfmode=replace
         device=hpljs2;

Printing and Previewing from the GRAPH Window

You can preview a graph that you create and, at the same time, format it for optimal display on the device of your choice. To preview the graph before you print it, run your SAS/GRAPH program with the following GOPTIONS statement:

goptions targetdevice=driver-name;

where driver-name is either one of the WINPxxx drivers or a SAS/GRAPH native driver.

By specifying a target device, SAS/GRAPH can format the graph with colors and attributes appropriate for the target printer. To print the graph after it is displayed, select the File pull-down menu and then select Print.

Note: If you do not specify a TARGETDEVICE before you create the graph, SAS/GRAPH will prompt you (in the Print dialog box) for a device driver name when you attempt to print the graph that you are previewing. (In most cases the WINPRTM or WINPRTC driver is specified by default.) The graph colors, orientation, and sizing might not be optimal for the output device you specify. [cautionend]

Choosing between a SAS/GRAPH Native Driver and the WINPxxx Driver

When deciding whether to use SAS/GRAPH native drivers or the WINPxxx series of drivers, you need to consider such factors as the device you are using and the type of output you want to produce. Note the following specific considerations:

If no Windows printer driver is available for your device, use a SAS/GRAPH native driver.
If you have a device for which there is no SAS/GRAPH native driver, you should use the WINPxxx driver, provided there is a Windows printer driver available for the device. In cases where a new model of hardcopy device becomes available between releases of the SAS System and the hardware vendor provides a new Windows driver that uses new features of the device, you can use a WINPxxx driver to take advantage of those features.
If you want to use options such as HSIZE= or VSIZE= to customize the size specifications used in your graph, using SAS/GRAPH native drivers usually produces more reliable results.
To use TrueType fonts in your SAS/GRAPH output, use one of the WINPxxx drivers and specify the font just as you would specify one of the installed hardware fonts for your printer. For more information about generating hardware fonts, see Overview of Graphics Considerations.

Importing Graphics from Other Applications

SAS/GRAPH lets you import bitmap and vector graphics that were created by other software packages. This provides a couple of benefits:

You can create your graphic using another graphics editor, then import the graphic into SAS/GRAPH to produce output on a specialized device.
You can merge clip art and graphs from other applications with the graphs that you create in SAS/GRAPH.

You can import bitmap graphics into these SAS System windows:

GRAPH window. (The imported graphic becomes a new GRSEG entry in the current catalog.)
Graphics Editor. (The imported graphic becomes part of the current graph.)
Image editor window. (The imported graphic becomes a new image.)

The SAS System provides two ways to import bitmap graphics into SAS/GRAPH:

From the application you used to create the graphic, copy the graphic to the Windows clipboard; then switch to your SAS Session and paste the graphic into the SAS/GRAPH window, as described in Pasting Graphics from the Windows Clipboard.
From the SAS/GRAPH window (or the Graphics Editor or Image editor) import the graphics file using the Import Image dialog box, as described in Importing a Graphics File from within a SAS/GRAPH Window.

To import vector graphics, use the GIMPORT procedure to import computer graphics metafile (CGM) files. The imported files are stored as GRSEG catalog entries. This method preserves the individual graphic objects in the imported graph, whereas the other two methods treat the imported graphic as a single (uneditable) bitmap. For more information about PROC GIMPORT, see SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference.

Pasting Graphics from the Windows Clipboard

If the tool you use to create the source graphics is a Windows application, then you can use the Windows clipboard to copy the graphics to your SAS session.

From the application you used to create the graphic, select the graphic and copy it to the clipboard using the copy procedures for your graphics tool.
Switch to your SAS session (or start your SAS session, if it is not already running).
With the SAS/GRAPH window active, select Paste from the Edit menu (or use the GPASTE command). The graphic is pasted into the SAS/GRAPH window.

Importing a Graphics File from within a SAS/GRAPH Window

SAS/GRAPH provides import filters to translate graphics files created in other applications to a format that you can use with the SAS System.

You can import graphics from other applications that produce files in any of the formats shown in Graphics Import File Formats.

Graphics Import File Formats
Graphics File Format File Extension

Microsoft Windows bitmap BMP

Microsoft Windows metafile WMF

enhanced metafile EMF

Device independent bitmap DIB

JPEG format JPG

graphic interchange format (GIF) GIF

tag image file format (TIFF) TIF

PC Paintbrush PCX

Truevision Targa TGA

Encapsulated PostScript Interchange (EPSI) PS

Portable Network Graphics PNG

Photo CD image PCD

Portable Pixmap PBM

X Window bitmap XBM

X Window dump XWD

***Graphics Import File Formats***
Graphics File Format	File Extension
Microsoft Windows bitmap	BMP
Microsoft Windows metafile	WMF
enhanced metafile	EMF
Device independent bitmap	DIB
JPEG format	JPG
graphic interchange format (GIF)	GIF
tag image file format (TIFF)	TIF
PC Paintbrush	PCX
Truevision Targa	TGA
Encapsulated PostScript Interchange (EPSI)	PS
Portable Network Graphics	PNG
Photo CD image	PCD
Portable Pixmap	PBM
X Window bitmap	XBM
X Window dump	XWD

To import bitmap graphics into SAS/GRAPH:

With the GRAPH window active, select the Import Image... menu item from the File menu.
Use the Import Image dialog box to select the source directory and graphics file. Ensure that the Format field shows the correct source format; this indicates which import filter SAS/GRAPH will use. You can have the SAS System automatically detect the file format of the file to import by selecting AUTO as the Format. Click on[OK].
Note: Automatic file format detection using AUTO does not detect the DIB, EMF, and WMF file formats

You can also include IMAGE catalog entries in your graphs. For information about including IMAGE catalog entries, see SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference.

Exporting Graphics for Use with Other Applications

The SAS System provides these methods of exporting graphics created in SAS/GRAPH for use with other word processing or desktop publishing packages, or for display on the internet or intranet:

Export the graphics to a file from the GRAPH window, Graphics Editor, or Image editor, as described in Exporting a Graphic to a File from a SAS/GRAPH Window.
Copy the graphics (or a portion of them) to the Windows clipboard, then paste the contents of the clipboard into the target application (as a bitmap), as described in Pasting Graphics from SAS/GRAPH into other Windows Applications.
Create a computer graphics metafile (CGM) file for use with a specific graphics package, using drivers that are included with the SAS System, as described in Creating CGM Files for Export to Other Applications.
Create a Windows metafile for use with another Windows application, as described in Creating WMF (Windows Metafile) Files for Export to Other Applications.

You can also use SAS/GRAPH to create GIF and VRML files for use with web browsers, PDF files for use with the Adobe Acrobat reader, and many other useful types of graphics files. For more information about how to create these types of files, see SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference and the SAS online Help for SAS/GRAPH.

Exporting a Graphic to a File from a SAS/GRAPH Window

SAS/GRAPH provides export filters to translate graphics generated in SAS/GRAPH into formats that you can use with other applications, such as spreadsheet and desktop publishing programs.

You can export graphics from SAS/GRAPH in any of the formats shown in Graphics Export File Formats.

Graphics Export File Formats
Graphics File Format File Extension

Microsoft Windows bitmap BMP

Microsoft Windows metafile WMF

enhanced metafile EMF

Device independent bitmap DIB

JPEG format JPG

graphic interchange format (GIF) GIF

tag image file format (TIFF) TIF

Adobe PostScript PS

Encapsulated PostScript Interchange (EPSI) PS

Portable Network Graphics PNG

Portable Pixmap PBM

***Graphics Export File Formats***
Graphics File Format	File Extension
Microsoft Windows bitmap	BMP
Microsoft Windows metafile	WMF
enhanced metafile	EMF
Device independent bitmap	DIB
JPEG format	JPG
graphic interchange format (GIF)	GIF
tag image file format (TIFF)	TIF
Adobe PostScript	PS
Encapsulated PostScript Interchange (EPSI)	PS
Portable Network Graphics	PNG
Portable Pixmap	PBM

To export a graph from the GRAPH window:

With the GRAPH window as the active window, select the File pull-down menu and then select Export Image....
In the Export Image dialog box, select the target file format.
Specify the directory and filename for the exported graphic. Click on [OK].

For more information about exporting graphics to a SAS IMAGE catalog entry from the Image editor, see the SAS online Help for SAS/GRAPH.

Pasting Graphics from SAS/GRAPH into other Windows Applications

A quick way to export graphics from the SAS System to another Windows application is to use the Windows clipboard. When you copy information from SAS/GRAPH to the clipboard, you can then paste that information into any application that accepts DIB, BMP or WMF input.

To copy information from SAS/GRAPH to the clipboard:

From the GRAPH window, hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse over the portion of the graph you want to copy. A selection box marks off the selected area as you move the mouse. When you are finished, release the mouse button.
If you do not select an area of the graph to copy, the next step will copy the entire graph to the clipboard.
With the GRAPH window still active, press CTRL+C (or select Copy to Paste Buffer from the Edit menu).

This copies the graph to the clipboard. From here, you can switch to the target application and paste the graph (typically by using the Paste or Paste Special options in the other Windows application). For more information about how to paste information from the clipboard, see the documentation for the other Windows application.

Creating CGM Files for Export to Other Applications

You can export graphs from SAS/GRAPH to other graphics packages using drivers developed specifically for those packages. When you use computer graphics metafiles (CGMs) as the medium of transport between packages, your graph retains its separate components that you can independently edit and size. (The editing capabilities you can use depend on the target graphics package.)

To create a CGM from SAS/GRAPH, set GOPTIONS as follows:

FILENAME fileref 'filename.CGM';
GOPTIONS DEVICE=CGMxxxx GSFNAME=fileref 
         GSFMODE=REPLACE;

where CGMxxxx is the appropriate CGM driver for your target application, and filename.CGM is the name of the file you want to create. CGM Drivers and Documentation for Popular Graphics Packages lists the graphics packages to which you can export CGMs, the appropriate drivers to use, and the SAS Institute document that describes how to export the file and use it with the target application. You access these documents free of charge from SAS Institute's Technical Support Division on the SAS Institute web site.

The driver names marked with an asterisk (*) are already provided with Version 8 of the SAS System. For each driver that is not provided, the corresponding document describes how to build the driver.

CGM Drivers and Documentation for Popular Graphics Packages
Package Suggested Driver Document

Aldus PageMaker CGMAPMA* TS-252F

Aldus Persuasion CGMAPSA* TS-252D

BPS 35 MM Express CGM35 TS-252

Borland Quattro Pro (Windows) CGMBQWC TS-252J

Borland Quattro Pro (DOS) CGMBQA* TS-252

CorelDRAW 5 CGMCOR5L TS-252R

Frame Tech FrameMaker CGMFRCA* CGMFRGA* CGMFRMA* PSCFRAME PSGFRAME PSMFRAME TS-252H

Harvard Graphics 2.12 for DOS CGHHG TS-252

Harvard Graphics 3.0 for DOS CGMHG3A* TS-252A

Harvard Graphics for Windows CGMHGWA* TS-252C

Harvard Graphics 3.0 for Windows CGMHG3L TS-252T

ImageBuilder CGMIMG TS-252

Interleaf 5 CGMCILFC* CGMGILFG* CGMMILFM* PSILEAFC PSILEAFG PSILEAFM TS-252I

Lotus Ami Pro 3.0 CGMAM3C* CGMAM3G CGMAM3M TS-252M

Lotus Ami Pro 2.0 CGMAMIA TS-252

Lotus Freelance for DOS CGMFLALJ* CGMFLAPL* CGMFLAPT* TS-252

Lotus Freelance for Windows 2.0 CGMFL2C* CGMFL2G CGMFL2M TS-252K

Lotus Freelance for Windows 1.0 CGMFLWA* TS-252

Lotus 1-2-3 4.0 CGM123C* TS-252N

Lotus 1-2-3 CGM123 TS-252

Lotus Office 97 CGMLOT97 CGMLT97P TS-252Y

Microsoft Word for Windows 6.0 CGMMW6C* CGMMW6G CGMMW6M TS-252L

Microsoft Word for Windows 2.0 CGMMWWC* TS-252B

Microsoft PowerPoint CGMMPPA TS-252E

Microsoft Office 97 CGMOFF97 CGMOF97P TS-252X

Polaroid CI3000 CI3000 TS-252

WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS CGMWPCA CGMWPCAP* CGMWPGA CGMWPGAP* CGMWPMA CGMWPMAP* TS-252G

WordPerfect 5.2 for Windows CGMWPWA* TS-252

WordPerfect 6.0 for Windows (Beta) CGMWP6C CGMWP6G CGMWP6M TS-252O

WordPerfect 6.0A for Windows CGMWPGCA TS-252P

WordPerfect 6.1 Windows CGMWPGIL TS-252S

WordPerfect 6.0 for UNIX CGMWPUXL TS-252U

WordPerfect Presents for DOS CGMWPCA* CGMWPGA* CGMWPMA* TS-252G

Zenographics Pixie CGMPIX TS-252

***CGM Drivers and Documentation for Popular Graphics Packages***
Package	Suggested Driver	Document
Aldus PageMaker	CGMAPMA*	TS-252F
Aldus Persuasion	CGMAPSA*	TS-252D
BPS 35 MM Express	CGM35	TS-252
Borland Quattro Pro (Windows)	CGMBQWC	TS-252J
Borland Quattro Pro (DOS)	CGMBQA*	TS-252
CorelDRAW 5	CGMCOR5L	TS-252R
Frame Tech FrameMaker	CGMFRCA* CGMFRGA* CGMFRMA* PSCFRAME PSGFRAME PSMFRAME	TS-252H
Harvard Graphics 2.12 for DOS	CGHHG	TS-252
Harvard Graphics 3.0 for DOS	CGMHG3A*	TS-252A
Harvard Graphics for Windows	CGMHGWA*	TS-252C
Harvard Graphics 3.0 for Windows	CGMHG3L	TS-252T
ImageBuilder	CGMIMG	TS-252
Interleaf 5	CGMCILFC* CGMGILFG* CGMMILFM* PSILEAFC PSILEAFG PSILEAFM	TS-252I
Lotus Ami Pro 3.0	CGMAM3C* CGMAM3G CGMAM3M	TS-252M
Lotus Ami Pro 2.0	CGMAMIA	TS-252
Lotus Freelance for DOS	CGMFLALJ* CGMFLAPL* CGMFLAPT*	TS-252
Lotus Freelance for Windows 2.0	CGMFL2C* CGMFL2G CGMFL2M	TS-252K
Lotus Freelance for Windows 1.0	CGMFLWA*	TS-252
Lotus 1-2-3 4.0	CGM123C*	TS-252N
Lotus 1-2-3	CGM123	TS-252
Lotus Office 97	CGMLOT97 CGMLT97P	TS-252Y
Microsoft Word for Windows 6.0	CGMMW6C* CGMMW6G CGMMW6M	TS-252L
Microsoft Word for Windows 2.0	CGMMWWC*	TS-252B
Microsoft PowerPoint	CGMMPPA	TS-252E
Microsoft Office 97	CGMOFF97 CGMOF97P	TS-252X
Polaroid CI3000	CI3000	TS-252
WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS	CGMWPCA CGMWPCAP* CGMWPGA CGMWPGAP* CGMWPMA CGMWPMAP*	TS-252G
WordPerfect 5.2 for Windows	CGMWPWA*	TS-252
WordPerfect 6.0 for Windows (Beta)	CGMWP6C CGMWP6G CGMWP6M	TS-252O
WordPerfect 6.0A for Windows	CGMWPGCA	TS-252P
WordPerfect 6.1 Windows	CGMWPGIL	TS-252S
WordPerfect 6.0 for UNIX	CGMWPUXL	TS-252U
WordPerfect Presents for DOS	CGMWPCA* CGMWPGA* CGMWPMA*	TS-252G
Zenographics Pixie	CGMPIX	TS-252

Creating WMF (Windows Metafile) Files for Export to Other Applications

To learn how to export WMF files from SAS/GRAPH software, contact SAS Institute's Technical Support Division and ask for document TS-352C, which explains this process for several target applications. For information about creating graphics for use with Microsoft Office 97, ask for document TS-252X. For information about creating graphics for use with Lotus Office 97, ask for document TS-252Y.

Chapter Contents
Previous
Next
Top of Page

PS	produces Postscript output
HPLJS3	produces output in the PCL5 language used by Hewlett Packard LaserJet III printers
HP7550	produces HPGL output used by Hewlett Packard 7550 plotters.