PAINT Statement
- PAINT < condition | ALLOBS >
< / options > ;
- PAINT < STATUS | UNDO > ;
The PAINT statement selects observations to be
painted or highlighted in a scatter plot on line
printer output; the PAINT statement is ignored if the LINEPRINTER
option is not specified in the PROC REG statement.
All observations that satisfy
condition are painted using some specific symbol.
The PAINT statement does not generate a scatter plot and must be
followed by a PLOT statement, which does generate a scatter plot.
Several PAINT statements
can be used before a PLOT statement, and all prior PAINT
statement requests are applied to all later PLOT statements.
The PAINT statement lists the observation numbers of the observations
selected, the total number of observations selected,
and the plotting symbol used to paint the points.
On a plot, paint symbols take precedence over all other symbols.
If any position contains more than one painted point,
the paint symbol for the observation plotted last is used.
The PAINT statement cannot be used when a TYPE=CORR, TYPE=COV, or
TYPE=SSCP data set is used as the input data set for PROC REG. Also,
the PAINT statement cannot be used for models with more than one
dependent variable.
Note that the syntax for the PAINT statement is
the same as the syntax for the REWEIGHT statement.
For detailed examples of painting scatter plots, see
the section "Painting Scatter Plots".
Specifying Condition
Condition is used to select observations to be painted.
The syntax of condition is
variable compare value
or
variable compare value logical
variable compare value
where
- variable
- is one of the following:
- a variable name in the input data set
- OBS., which is the observation number
- keyword., where keyword is a keyword
for a statistic requested in the OUTPUT statement
- compare
- is an operator that compares variable to value.
Compare can be any one of the
following: <, <=, >, >=, =, =.
The operators LT, LE, GT, GE, EQ, and NE
can be used instead of the preceding symbols.
Refer to the "Expressions" section in SAS
Language Reference: Concepts for more information on comparison operators.
- value
- gives an unformatted value of variable.
Observations are selected to be painted if they satisfy
the condition created by variable compare value.
Value can be a number or a character string.
If value is a character string, it must be eight
characters or less and must be enclosed in quotes.
In addition, value is case-sensitive.
In other words, the statements
paint name='henry';
and
paint name='Henry';
are not the same.
- logical
- is one of two logical operators.
Either AND or OR can be used.
To specify AND, use AND or the symbol &.
To specify OR, use OR or the symbol |.
Examples of the variable compare value form are
paint name='Henry';
paint residual.>=20;
paint obs.=99;
Examples of the variable compare value
logical variable compare value
form are
paint name='Henry'|name='Mary';
paint residual.>=20 or residual.<=10;
paint obs.>=11 and residual.<=20;
Using ALLOBS
Instead of specifying condition, the ALLOBS option
can be used to select all observations.
This is most useful when you want to unpaint all observations.
For example,
paint allobs / reset;
resets the symbols for all observations.
Options in the PAINT Statement
The following options can be used when either
a condition is specified, the ALLOBS option is specified,
or when nothing is specified before the slash.
If only an option is listed, the option applies to the
observations selected in the previous PAINT statement,
not to the observations selected by reapplying
the condition from the previous PAINT statement.
For example, in the statements
paint r.>0 / symbol='a';
reweight r.>0;
refit;
paint / symbol='b';
the second PAINT statement paints only those
observations selected in the first PAINT statement.
No additional observations are painted even if, after
refitting the model, there are new observations that
meet the condition in the first PAINT statement.
Note: Options are not available
when either the UNDO or STATUS option is used.
You can specify the following options after a slash (/).
- NOLIST
-
suppresses the display of the selected observation numbers.
If the NOLIST option is not specified, a list of
observations selected is written to the log.
The list includes the observation numbers
and painting symbol used to paint the points.
The total number of observations
selected to be painted is also shown.
- RESET
-
changes the painting symbol to the current default
symbol, effectively unpainting the observations selected.
If you set the default symbol by using the SYMBOL= option in
the PLOT statement, the RESET option in the PAINT statement
changes the painting symbol to the symbol you specified.
Otherwise, the default symbol of '1' is used.
- SYMBOL = 'character'
-
specifies a painting symbol.
If the SYMBOL= option is omitted, the painting symbol is either
the one used in the most recent PAINT statement or, if there are
no previous PAINT statements, the symbol '@'.
For example,
paint / symbol='#';
changes the painting symbol for the observations selected by the
most recent PAINT statement to '#'.
As another example,
paint temp lt 22 / symbol='c';
changes the painting symbol to 'c'
for all observations with TEMP<22.
In general, the numbers 1, 2, ... , 9 and the
asterisk are not recommended as painting symbols.
These symbols are used as default symbols in the PLOT statement,
where they represent the number of replicates at a point.
If SYMBOL='' is used, no painting is done in the current plot.
If SYMBOL=' ' is used, observations are painted
with a blank and are no longer seen on the plot.
STATUS and UNDO
Instead of specifying condition or
the ALLOBS option, you can use the STATUS or UNDO option as follows:
- STATUS
-
lists (on the log) the observation number and
plotting symbol of all currently painted observations.
- UNDO
-
undoes changes made by the most recent PAINT statement.
Observations may be, but are not necessarily, unpainted.
For example,
paint obs. <=10 / symbol='a';
...other interactive statements
paint obs.=1 / symbol='b';
...other interactive statements
paint undo;
The last PAINT statement changes the plotting
symbol used for observation 1 back to 'a'.
If the statement
paint / reset;
is used instead, observation 1 is unpainted.
Copyright © 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.