BY Statement

The FACTOR Procedure

BY Statement

BY variables ;

You can specify a BY statement with PROC FACTOR to obtain separate analyses on observations in groups defined by the BY variables. When a BY statement appears, the procedure expects the input data set to be sorted in order of the BY variables.

If your input data set is not sorted in ascending order, use one of the following alternatives:

Sort the data using the SORT procedure with a similar BY statement.
Specify the BY statement option NOTSORTED or DESCENDING in the BY statement for the FACTOR procedure. The NOTSORTED option does not mean that the data are unsorted but rather that the data are arranged in groups (according to values of the BY variables) and that these groups are not necessarily in alphabetical or increasing numeric order.
Create an index on the BY variables using the DATASETS procedure (in Base SAS software). For more information on creating indexes and using the BY statement with indexed datasets, refer to "SAS Files" in SAS Language Reference: Concepts.

If you specify the TARGET= option and the TARGET= data set does not contain any of the BY variables, then the entire TARGET= data set is used as a Procrustean target for each BY group in the DATA= data set.

If the TARGET= data set contains some but not all of the BY variables, or if some BY variables do not have the same type or length in the TARGET= data set as in the DATA= data set, then PROC FACTOR displays an error message and stops.

If all the BY variables appear in the TARGET= data set with the same type and length as in the DATA= data set, then each BY group in the TARGET= data set is used as a Procrustean target for the corresponding BY group in the DATA= data set. The BY groups in the TARGET= data set must be in the same order as in the DATA= data set. If you specify the NOTSORTED option in the BY statement, there must be identical BY groups in the same order in both data sets. If you do not specify the NOTSORTED option, some BY groups can appear in one data set but not in the other.

For more information on the BY statement, refer to the discussion in SAS Language Reference: Concepts. For more information on the DATASETS procedure, refer to the discussion in the SAS Procedures Guide.

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