- ALPHA=value
-
specifies the shape parameter
for P-P plots requested with the BETA and GAMMA options. For
examples, see the entries for the BETA and GAMMA options.
- ANNOTATE=SAS-data-set
- ANNO=SAS-data-set
- [Graphics]
specifies an input data set containing annotate variables
as described in
SAS/GRAPH Software: Reference.
You can use this data set to add features to the
plot. The ANNOTATE= data set specified
in the PPPLOT statement is used for all plots
created by the statement. You can also specify an
ANNOTATE= data set in the PROC CAPABILITY statement to
enhance all plots created by
the procedure; for more information, see
"ANNOTATE= Data Sets".
- BETA<(beta-options)>
-
creates a beta P-P plot. To create the plot, the n
nonmissing observations are ordered from smallest to largest:
![\(
x_{(1)} \leq x_{(2)} \leq ... \leq x_{(n)}
\)](images/pppeq11.gif)
The y-coordinate of the i th point is the empirical cdf
value [i/n]. The x-coordinate is the theoretical
beta cdf value
where
is the normalized incompletebeta function,
, and
lower threshold parameter
scale parameter
first shape parameter
second shape parameter ![(\beta \gt)](images/pppeq20.gif)
You can specify
,
,
, and
with the ALPHA=, BETA=, SIGMA=, and THETA= beta-options,
as illustrated in the following example:
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot width / beta(theta=1 sigma=2 alpha=3 beta=4);
run;
If you do not specify values for these parameters, then by default,
,
, and maximum likelihood estimates are
calculated for
and
.
IMPORTANT:
If the default unit interval (0,1)
does not adequately describe the range of your data, then you
should specify THETA=
and SIGMA=
so that your
data fall in the interval
.
If the data are beta distributed with parameters
,
,
, and
, then the points on the plot for
ALPHA=
, BETA=
, SIGMA=
, and THETA=
tend to fall on or near the diagonal line y=x, which is
displayed by default.
Agreement between the
diagonal line and the point pattern is evidence that the
specified beta distribution is a good fit. You can
specify the SCALE= option as an alias for the SIGMA= option and
the THRESHOLD= option as an alias for the THETA= option.
- BETA=value
-
specifies the shape parameter
for
P-P plots requested with the BETA distribution option. See the
preceding entry for the BETA distribution option for an example.
- C=value
-
specifies the shape parameter c (c>0) for P-P plots
requested with the WEIBULL option. See the entry for the
WEIBULL option for examples.
- CAXIS=color
- CAXES=color
-
[Graphics]
specifies the color for the axes. This option overrides any
COLOR= specifications in an AXIS statement. The default is the
first color in the device color list.
- CFRAME=color
- CFR=color
-
[Graphics]
specifies a fill color for the area enclosed by the axes and
frame. By default, this area is not filled.
- CHREF=color
- CH=color
-
[Graphics]
specifies the color for reference lines requested by the option. The default is the first color in the device color list.
- COLOR=color
-
[Graphics]
specifies the color for the diagonal reference line.
For example, the following statements request a blue line:
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot length / normal(mu=10 sigma=0.25 color=blue);
run;
The default is the first color
in the device color list.
- CTEXT=color
-
[Graphics]
specifies the color for tick mark values and axis labels. The
default is the color specified for the CTEXT= option in the
most recent GOPTIONS statement.
- CVREF=color
- CV=color
-
[Graphics]
specifies the color for reference lines requested by the VREF=
option. The default is the first color in the device color list.
- DESCRIPTION='string'
- DES='string'
-
[Graphics]
specifies a description, up to 40 characters, that
appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default string is
the variable name.
- EXPONENTIAL<(exponential-options)>
- EXP<(exponential-options)>
-
creates an exponential P-P plot. To create the plot, the n
nonmissing observations are ordered from smallest to largest:
![\(
x_{(1)} \leq x_{(2)} \leq ... \leq x_{(n)}
\)](images/pppeq11.gif)
The y-coordinate of the i th point is the empirical cdf
value [i/n]. The x-coordinate is the theoretical
exponential cdf value
where
threshold parameter
scale parameter ![(\sigma \gt)](images/pppeq17.gif)
You can specify
and
with the SIGMA=
and THETA= exponential-options, as illustrated
in the following example:
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot width / exponential(theta=1 sigma=2);
run;
If you do not specify values for these parameters, then by default,
and a maximum likelihood estimate is calculated for
.
IMPORTANT: Your data must be greater than or equal to the
lower threshold
. If the default
is not an adequate
lower bound for your data,
specify
with the THETA= option.
If the data are exponentially distributed with parameters
and
, the points on the plot for SIGMA=
and THETA=
tend to fall on or near the diagonal line
y=x, which is displayed by default.
Agreement between
the diagonal line and the point pattern is evidence that
the specified exponential distribution is a good fit.
You can specify the SCALE= option as an alias for the SIGMA=
option and the THRESHOLD= option as an alias for the THETA= option.
- FONT=font
-
[Graphics]
specifies a software font for horizontal and vertical reference
line labels and axis labels. You can also specify fonts for axis
labels in an AXIS statement. The FONT= font takes precedence
over the FTEXT= font you specify in the GOPTIONS statement.
Hardware characters are used by default.
- GAMMA<(gamma-options)>
-
creates a gamma P-P plot. To create the plot, the n
nonmissing observations are ordered from smallest to largest:
![\(
x_{(1)} \leq x_{(2)} \leq ... \leq x_{(n)}
\)](images/pppeq11.gif)
The y-coordinate of the i th point is the empirical cdf
value [i/n]. The x-coordinate is the theoretical
gamma cdf value
where
is the normalized incompletegamma function, and
threshold parameter
scale parameter
shape parameter ![(\alpha\gt)](images/pppeq10.gif)
You can specify
,
, and
with the
ALPHA=, SIGMA=, and THETA=
gamma-options, as illustrated
in the following example:
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot width / gamma(alpha=1 sigma=2 theta=3);
run;
If you do not specify values for these parameters, then by
default,
and maximum likelihood estimates are
calculated for
and
.
IMPORTANT: Your data must be greater than or equal to the
lower threshold
. If the default
is not an adequate
lower bound for your data,
specify
with the THETA= option.
If the data are gamma distributed with parameters
,
, and
, the points on the plot for ALPHA=
,SIGMA=
, and THETA=
tend to fall on or near the
diagonal line y=x, which is displayed by default.
Agreement between the
diagonal line and the point pattern is evidence that the
specified gamma distribution is a good fit. You can
specify the SHAPE= option as an alias for the ALPHA= option,
the SCALE= option as an alias for the SIGMA= option, and the
THRESHOLD= option as an alias for the THETA= option.
- HAXIS=name
-
[Graphics]
specifies the name of an AXIS statement describing the
horizontal axis.
- HMINOR=n
- HM=n
- [Graphics]
specifies the number of minor tick marks between each major
tick mark on the horizontal axis. Minor tick marks are not
labeled. The default is 0.
- HREF=value-list
-
draws reference lines perpendicular to the horizontal
axis at the values specified.
See also the HREFCHAR=, CHREF=, and LHREF=options.
- HREFCHAR='character'
-
[Line Printer]
specifies the character used to form the reference lines
requested by the HREF=option for a line printer. The default is
the vertical bar (|).
- HREFLABELS='label1' ... 'labeln'
- HREFLABEL='label1' ... 'labeln'
- HREFLAB='label1' ... 'labeln'
-
specifies labels for the reference lines requested by the
HREF=option. The number of labels must equal the number
of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up
to 16 characters.
- L=linetype
- [Graphics]
specifies the line type for the diagonal distribution reference
line. For example,
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot length / normal(mu=10 sigma=0.25 l=2);
run;
The default is 1, which produces a solid line.
- LHREF=linetype
- LH=linetype
- [Graphics]
specifies the line type for reference lines requested by the
HREF=option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.
- LOGNORMAL<(lognormal-options)>
- LNORM<(lognormal-options)>
-
creates a lognormal P-P plot. To create the plot, the n
nonmissing observations are ordered from smallest to largest:
![\(
x_{(1)} \leq x_{(2)} \leq ... \leq x_{(n)}
\)](images/pppeq11.gif)
The y-coordinate of the i th point is the empirical cdf
value [i/n]. The x-coordinate is the theoretical
lognormal cdf value
where
is the cumulative standard normaldistribution function, and
threshold parameter
scale parameter
shape parameter ![(\sigma \gt)](images/pppeq17.gif)
You can specify
,
, and
with the
THETA=, ZETA=, and SIGMA= lognormal-options, as
illustrated in the following example:
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot width / lognormal(theta=1 zeta=2);
run;
If you do not specify values for these parameters, then by default,
and maximum likelihood estimates are calculated
for
and
.
IMPORTANT: Your data must be greater than the lower
threshold
. If the default
is not an adequate
lower bound for your data, specify
with the THETA= option.
If the data are lognormally distributed with parameters
,
, and
, the points on the plot for SIGMA=
,THETA=
, and ZETA=
tend to fall on or near the
diagonal line y=x, which is displayed by default.
Agreement between the
diagonal line and the point pattern is evidence that the
specified lognormal distribution is a good fit. You
can specify the SHAPE= option as an alias for the SIGMA=option,
the SCALE= option as an alias for the ZETA= option, and the
THRESHOLD= option as an alias for the THETA= option.
- LVREF=linetype
- LV=linetype
- [Graphics]
specifies the line type for reference lines requested by the
VREF= option. The default is 2, which produces a dashed line.
- MU=value
-
specifies the mean
for a normal P-P plot
requested with the NORMAL option.
For examples, see Figure 8.1,
or Figure 8.2 and Figure 8.3.
By default, the sample mean is used for
.
- NAME='string '
- [Graphics]
specifies a name for the plot, up to eight characters,
that appears in the PROC GREPLAY master menu. The default name
is 'CAPABILI'.
- NOFRAME
-
suppresses the frame around the subplot area.
- NOLINE
-
suppresses the diagonal reference line.
- NOOBSLEGEND
- NOOBSL
- [Line Printer]
suppresses the legend that indicates the number of hidden
observations.
- NORMAL<(normal-options )>
- NORM<(normal-options )>
-
creates a normal P-P plot. By default, if you do not specify a
distribution option, the procedure displays a normal P-P plot.
To create the plot, the n nonmissing observations are ordered
from smallest to largest:
![\(
x_{(1)} \leq x_{(2)} \leq ... \leq x_{(n)}
\)](images/pppeq11.gif)
The y-coordinate of the i th point is the empirical cdf
value [i/n]. The x-coordinate is the theoretical
normal cdf value
where
is the cumulative standard normaldistribution function, and
location parameter or mean
scale parameter or standard deviation ![(\sigma \gt)](images/pppeq17.gif)
You can specify
and
with
the MU= and SIGMA= normal-options, as
illustrated in the following example:
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot width / normal(mu=1 sigma=2);
run;
By default, the sample mean and sample standard deviation
are used for
and
.
If the data are normally distributed with parameters
and
, the points on the plot for MU=
and SIGMA=
tend to fall on or near the diagonal
line y=x, which is displayed by default.
Agreement between the diagonal line and the
point pattern is evidence that the specified
normal distribution is a good fit.
For an example, see
Figure 8.1.
- PPSYMBOL='character'
- [Line Printer]
specifies the character used to plot the points when the
P-P plot is produced on a line
printer.
The default is the plus sign (+).
- SCALE=value
-
is an alias for the SIGMA= option with the BETA, EXPONENTIAL,
GAMMA, and WEIBULL options and an alias for the ZETA=
option with the LOGNORMAL option. See the entries for the
SIGMA= and ZETA= options.
- SHAPE=value
-
is an alias for the ALPHA= option with the GAMMA option, for the
SIGMA= option with the LOGNORMAL option, and for the C= option
with the WEIBULL option. See the entries for the ALPHA=, C=,
and SIGMA= options.
- SIGMA=value
-
specifies the parameter
, where
.When used with the BETA,
EXPONENTIAL, GAMMA, NORMAL,
and WEIBULL options, the SIGMA= option specifies the scale parameter.
When used with the LOGNORMAL option, the SIGMA= option specifies
the shape parameter. For an example of the SIGMA= option
used with the NORMAL option, see Figure 8.1.
- SQUARE
-
displays the P-P plot in a square frame. The default is a
rectangular frame. See Figure 8.1
for an example.
- SYMBOL='character'
- [Line Printer]
specifies the character used to plot the diagonal reference line
for a line printer. The default character is the first letter of
the distribution option keyword.
- THETA=value
-
specifies the lower threshold parameter
for plots
requested with the BETA, EXPONENTIAL, GAMMA, LOGNORMAL, and
WEIBULL options.
- THRESHOLD=value
-
is an alias for the THETA= option.
- VAXIS=name
- [Graphics]
specifies the name of an AXIS statement describing the
vertical axis.
For an example, see
Figure 8.2 and Figure 8.3.
- VMINOR=n
- VM=n
- [Graphics]
specifies the number of minor tick marks between each major tick
mark on the vertical axis. Minor tick marks are not labeled.
The default is 0.
- VREF=value-list
-
draws reference lines perpendicular to the vertical
axis at the values specified.
See the entries for the VREFCHAR=, CVREF=, and LVREF= options.
- VREFCHAR='character'
-
[Line Printer]
specifies the character used to form the reference lines
requested by the VREF= option for a line printer. The
default is the hyphen (-).
- VREFLABELS='label1' ... 'labeln'
- VREFLABEL='label1' ... 'labeln'
- VREFLAB='label1' ... 'labeln'
-
specifies labels for the reference lines requested by the
VREF= option. The number of labels must equal the number
of lines. Enclose each label in quotes. Labels can be up
to 16 characters.
- W=n
- [Graphics]
specifies the width in pixels for the diagonal reference line.
Specify the W= option in parentheses following a distribution option
keyword. For a similar syntax example, see the entry for
the L= option. The default is 1.
- WEIBULL<(Weibull-options)>
- WEIB<(Weibull-options)>
-
creates a Weibull P-P plot. To create the plot, the n
nonmissing observations are ordered from smallest to largest:
![\(
x_{(1)} \leq x_{(2)} \leq ... \leq x_{(n)}
\)](images/pppeq11.gif)
The y-coordinate of the i th point is the empirical cdf
value [i/n]. The x-coordinate is the theoretical
Weibull cdf value
where
threshold parameter
scale parameter
c = shape parameter (c >0)
You can specify c,
, and
with the
C=, SIGMA=, and THETA= Weibull-options, as
illustrated in the following example:
proc capability data=measures;
ppplot width / weibull(theta=1 sigma=2);
run;
If you do not specify values for these parameters, then by
default
and maximum likelihood estimates are
calculated for
and c.
IMPORTANT: Your data must be greater than or equal to the
lower threshold
. If the default
is not an adequate
lower bound for your data, you should specify
with
the THETA= option.
If the data are Weibull distributed with parameters c,
, and
, the points on the plot for C=c,
SIGMA=
, and THETA=
tend to fall on or near the
diagonal line y=x, which is displayed by default.
Agreement between the
diagonal line and the point pattern is evidence that the
specified Weibull distribution is a good fit. You can
specify the SHAPE= option as an alias for the C= option, the
SCALE= option as an alias for the SIGMA= option, and the
THRESHOLD= option as an alias for the THETA= option.
- ZETA=value
-
specifies a value for the scale parameter
for lognormal
P-P plots requested with the LOGNORMAL option.