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Example 2: Reading Two-Digit Year Values in Raw Data |
ADAMS,GERALD,M,819-68-375,01MAY99 AVERY,JERRY,M,944-69-923,01MAY02 BLALOCK,RALPH,M,189-62-924,01MAY02 BRADLEY,JEREMY,M,142-96-693,01MAY00 BURNETTE,THOMAS,M,922-64-294,01MAY99 CARTER,DOROTHY,F,441-87-333,01MAY00 CHIN,JACK,M,438-82-579,01MAY99 DAVIDSON,JASON,M,617-00-610,01MAY99 DENNIS,ROGER,M,342-14-341,01MAY99 EDGERTON,JOSHUA,M,778-62-406,01MAY00In the DATA step, the YEARCUTOFF= system option is set to 1900 and produces unintended graduation dates.
options YEARCUTOFF=1900 nodate pageno=1 linesize=80 pagesize=60; data students; infile 'students-data-file' dlm=','; input lname: $15. fname: $15. gender: $1. idnum: $11. graddate: date7.; format graddate date9.; run; proc print data=students noobs label; title1 'Projected Graduation Dates'; title2 'Report Date: Sep 30, 1999'; label lname='Last Name' fname='First Name' gender='Gender' idnum='Student Id' graddate='Projected Graduation'; run;The following output shows the resulting dates in the last column of the report.
Output Data Set Showing Errors Due to Incorrect YEARCUTOFF= Value of 1900
Projected Graduation Dates 1 Report Date: Sept 30, 1999 Last First Projected Name Name Gender Student Id Graduation ADAMS GERALD M 819-68-375 01MAY1999 AVERY JERRY M 944-69-923 01MAY1999 BLALOCK RALPH M 189-62-924 01MAY1902 BRADLEY JEREMY M 142-96-693 01MAY1900 BURNETTE THOMAS M 922-64-294 01MAY1999 CARTER DOROTHY F 441-87-333 01MAY1900 CHIN JACK M 438-82-579 01MAY1999 DAVIDSON JASON M 617-00-610 01MAY1999 DENNIS ROGER M 342-14-341 01MAY1999 EDGERTON JOSHUA M 778-62-406 01MAY1900 |
To correct the problem in the resulting dates, specify the appropriate YEARCUTOFF= value and rerun the DATA step.
options YEARCUTOFF=1950;This next output results from the same DATA step program with the OPTIONS statement containing a YEARCUTOFF= value set to 1950. Note that for the raw data shown in this example, the YEARCUTOFF= system option will yield correct results when set within a range of 1903 to 1998.
Output Data Set Showing Corrected Date Values Due to Setting the YEARCUTOFF= Value to 1950
Projected Graduation Dates 1 Report Date: Sept 30, 1999 Last First Projected Name Name Gender Student Id Graduation ADAMS GERALD M 819-68-375 01MAY1999 AVERY JERRY M 944-69-923 01MAY1999 BLALOCK RALPH M 189-62-924 01MAY2002 BRADLEY JEREMY M 142-96-693 01MAY2000 BURNETTE THOMAS M 922-64-294 01MAY1999 CARTER DOROTHY F 441-87-333 01MAY2000 CHIN JACK M 438-82-579 01MAY1999 DAVIDSON JASON M 617-00-610 01MAY1999 DENNIS ROGER M 342-14-341 01MAY1999 EDGERTON JOSHUA M 778-62-406 01MAY2000 |
Note: The new value for YEARCUTOFF remains in effect
for the remainder of the SAS job or SAS session, or until it is changed again.
Example 3: Expanding Dates in External Files |
If you decide you must alter the contents of an external file, you can use a DATA step to modify or correct the stored data. Changing two-digit years to four-digit years in raw data files by adding the century is called field expansion. Additional disk space is required to store the expanded data.
In the following example, flight dates are stored in a mmddyy format (030195) in a raw data file in columns 4-9. We'll expand the date field from 6 to 8 columns by inserting the century values (03011995).
Here's a partial listing of the original raw data file:
----|----10---|----20---|----30---|----40---|----50 182030195 8:21LGAYYZ 366 458 390104 16 3123178 114030195 7:10LGALAX2,475 357 390172 18 6196210 20203019510:43LGAORD 740 369 244151 11 5157210 219030195 9:31LGAFRA3,442 412 334198 17 7222250 43903019512:16LGALAX2,475 422 267167 13 5185210 38703019511:40LGACPH3,856 423 398152 8 3163250 290030195 6:56LGAWAS 229 327 253 96 16 7117180 52303019515:19LGAORD 740 476 456177 20 3185210 98203019510:28LGADFW1,383 383 355 49 19 2 56180 62203019512:19LGALON3,857 255 243207 15 5227250The following program demonstrates field-expansion:
options yearcutoff=1950 nodate pageno=1 linesize=80 pagesize=60; data _null_; infile 'march.dat' truncover; input @1 string1 $char3. @4 date mmddyy6. @10 string2 $char40.; file 'march.dat'; put @1 string 1 $char3. @4 date mmddyyn8. @12 string2 $char40.; run;
Here is a partial listing of MARCH2.DAT after expanding the two-digit year values to four digits:
----|----10---|----20---|----30---|----40---|----50 18203011995 8:21LGAYYZ 366 458 390104 16 3123178 11403011995 7:10LGALAX2,475 357 390172 18 6196210 2020301199510:43LGAORD 740 369 244151 11 5157210 21903011995 9:31LGAFRA3,442 412 334198 17 7222250 4390301199512:16LGALAX2,475 422 267167 13 5185210 3870301199511:40LGACPH3,856 423 398152 8 3163250 29003011995 6:56LGAWAS 229 327 253 96 16 7117180 5230301199515:19LGAORD 740 476 456177 20 3185210 9820301199510:28LGADFW1,383 383 355 49 19 2 56180 6220301199512:19LGALON3,857 255 243207 15 5227250
Example 4: Converting Dates Stored As Character Values to SAS Date Values |
Listing of Seniors Birth Dates LNAME FNAME GENDER BIRTHDATE ID ADAMS GERALD M 04DEC96 259398646 AVERY JERRY M 27JAN25 531691723 BLALOCK RALPH M 06APR1888 523870522 BRADLEY JEREMY M 26SEP1922 297193965 BURNETTE THOMAS M 16FEB1921 226507519 CARTER DOROTHY F 05APR18 287225611 CHIN JACK M 24APR19 590364670 DAVIDSON JASON M 16FEB1918 506603530 DENNIS ROGER M 11MAR26 297222847 EDGERTON JOSHUA M 10JAN06 168088351The following SAS program uses the INPUT function to convert the character dates to SAS date values to enable chronological sequencing in a report. Because some birth dates are before 1900, note that the YEARCUTOFF= value must be adjusted.
options yearcutoff=1880; options nodate pageno=1 linesize=80 pagesize=60; data seniors(drop=tempvar); set yr20_seniors(rename=(Birthdate=tempvar)); Birthdate=input(tempvar,date9.); run;
Note: The DATE9. informat correctly reads
two-digit as well as four-digit years.
The following program
illustrates how to print the WORK.SENIORS data set. The birth dates, in the
BIRTHDATE variable, are written with a DATE9. format.
proc print data=seniors noobs; format birthdate date9. ID ssn.; title 'Listing of Seniors Birth Dates'; run;The PROC PRINT step produces the listing of the reformatted WORK.SENIORS data set:
Reformatted Data Set WORK.SENIORS
Listing of Seniors Birth Dates 1 Lastname Firstname Gender SSN Birthdate ADAMS GERALD M 259-39-8646 04DEC1896 AVERY JERRY M 531-69-1723 27JAN1925 BLALOCK RALPH M 523-87-0522 06APR1888 BRADLEY JEREMY M 297-19-3965 26SEP1922 BURNETTE THOMAS M 226-50-7519 16FEB1921 CARTER DOROTHY F 287-22-5611 05APR1918 CHIN JACK M 590-36-4670 24APR1919 DAVIDSON JASON M 506-60-3530 16FEB1918 DENNIS ROGER M 297-22-2847 11MAR1926 EDGERTON JOSHUA M 168-08-8351 10JAN1906 |
Example 5: Converting Data Stored As Simple Numeric Values To SAS Date Values |
Last Name First Name Gender BDJULIAN BDCOBOL ALEXANDER SUSAN F 2003116 20030426 BAREFOOT JOSEPH M 1997103 19970413 BOSTIC MARIE F 1998143 19980523 BRADY CHRISTINE F 2000289 20001015 CAHILL MARSHALL M 2004305 20041031 CARTER KAREN F 1999068 19990309 CHOW JANE F 1998293 19981020 DEAN SANDRA F 1997111 19970421 DONALDSON KAREN F 1999030 19990130 FERNANDEZ KATRINA F 1997042 19970211 FOSTER GERALD M 1999213 19990801 GRAHAM ALVIN M 1997320 19971116 HARRISON FELICIA F 1999147 19990527 HOWARD GRETCHEN F 1999298 19991025The following program example takes the numeric date values, converts the Julian dates with the DATEJUL function and converts the COBOL dates with the PUT and INPUT functions, and then prints the results.
options nodate pageno=1 linesize=80 pagesize=60 yearcutoff=1960; data juniors; set yr20_juniors; sasdate1=datejul(bdjulian); sasdate2=input(put(bdcobol,8.),yymmdd8.); run; title 'Birth Dates converted to SAS dates'; proc print data=juniors (obs=14) noobs; format sasdate1 sasdate2 date9.; run;The following output displays the first 14 observations in the output data set:
Output Showing Converted Dates from YR20.JUNIORS Data Set
Birth Dates converted to SAS dates 1 Lname Fname Gender bdjulian bdcobol sasdate1 sasdate2 ALEXANDER SUSAN F 2003116 20030426 26APR2003 26APR2003 BAREFOOT JOSEPH M 1997103 19970413 13APR1997 13APR1997 BOSTIC MARIE F 1998143 19980523 23MAY1998 23MAY1998 BRADY CHRISTINE F 2000289 20001015 15OCT2000 15OCT2000 CAHILL MARSHALL M 2004305 20041031 31OCT2004 31OCT2004 CARTER KAREN F 1999068 19990309 09MAR1999 09MAR1999 CHOW JANE F 1998293 19981020 20OCT1998 20OCT1998 DEAN SANDRA F 1997111 19970421 21APR1997 21APR1997 DONALDSON KAREN F 1999030 19990130 30JAN1999 30JAN1999 FERNANDEZ KATRINA F 1997042 19970211 11FEB1997 11FEB1997 FOSTER GERALD M 1999213 19990801 01AUG1999 01AUG1999 GRAHAM ALVIN M 1997320 19971116 16NOV1997 16NOV1997 HARRISON FELICIA F 1999147 19990527 27MAY1999 27MAY1999 HOWARD GRETCHEN F 1999298 19991025 25OCT1999 25OCT1999 |
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