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Executable and Declarative Statements |
The following tables show the SAS executable and declarative statements that you can use in the DATA step.
Executable Statements | |||
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ABORT | IF, Subsetting | PUT | |
Assignment | IF-THEN/ELSE | PUT, Column | |
CALL | INFILE | PUT, Formatted | |
CONTINUE | INPUT | PUT, List | |
DELETE | INPUT, Column | PUT, Named | |
DESCRIBE | INPUT, Formatted | PUT, _ODS_ | |
DISPLAY | INPUT, List | REDIRECT | |
DO | INPUT, Named | REMOVE | |
DO, Iterative | LEAVE | REPLACE | |
DO Until | LINK | RETURN | |
DO While | LIST | SELECT | |
ERROR | LOSTCARD | SET | |
EXECUTE | MERGE | STOP | |
FILE | MODIFY | Sum | |
FILE, ODS | Null | UPDATE | |
GO TO | OUTPUT |
Declarative Statements | |||
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ARRAY | DATALINES | LABEL | |
Array Reference | DATALINES4 | Labels, Statement | |
ATTRIB | DROP | LENGTH | |
BY | END | RENAME | |
CARDS | FORMAT | RETAIN | |
CARDS4 | INFORMAT | WHERE | |
DATA | KEEP | WINDOW |
DATA Step Statements by Category |
Statements in this category ... | let you ... | |
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ACTION |
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CONTROL |
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FILE-HANDLING |
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INFORMATION |
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The following table lists and briefly describes the DATA step statements by category.
Category | Statement | Description |
Action | ABORT | Stops executing the current DATA step, SAS job, or SAS session |
Assignment | Evaluates an expression and stores the result in a variable | |
CALL | Invokes or calls a SAS CALL routine | |
DELETE | Stops processing the current observation | |
DESCRIBE | Retrieves source code from a stored compiled DATA step program or a DATA step view | |
ERROR | Sets _ERROR_ to 1 and, optionally, writes a message to the SAS log | |
EXECUTE | Executes a stored compiled DATA step program | |
IF, Subsetting | Continues processing only those observations that meet the condition | |
LIST | Writes to the SAS log the input data records for the observation that is being processed | |
LOSTCARD | Resynchronizes the input data when SAS encounters a missing or invalid record in data that have multiple records per observation | |
Null | Signals the end of data lines; acts as a placeholder | |
OUTPUT | Writes the current observation to a SAS data set | |
REDIRECT | Points to different input or output SAS data sets when you execute a stored program | |
REMOVE | Deletes an observation from a SAS data set | |
REPLACE | Replaces an observation in the same location | |
STOP | Stops execution of the current DATA step | |
Sum | Adds the result of an expression to an accumulator variable | |
WHERE | Selects observations from SAS data sets that meet a particular condition | |
Control | CONTINUE | Stops processing the current DO-loop iteration and resumes with the next iteration |
DO | Designates a group of statements to be executed as a unit | |
DO, Iterative | Executes statements between DO and END repetitively based on the value of an index variable | |
DO UNTIL | Executes statements in a DO loop repetitively until a condition is true | |
DO WHILE | Executes statements repetitively while a condition is true | |
END | Ends a DO group or a SELECT group | |
GO TO | Moves execution immediately to the statement label that is specified | |
IF-THEN/ELSE | Executes a SAS statement for observations that meet specific conditions | |
Labels, Statement | Identifies a statement that is referred to by another statement | |
LEAVE | Stops processing the current loop and resumes with the next statement in sequence | |
LINK | Jumps to a statement label | |
RETURN | Stops executing statements at the current point in the DATA step and returns to a predetermined point in the step | |
SELECT | Executes one of several statements or groups of statements | |
File-handling | BY | Controls the operation of a SET, MERGE, MODIFY, or UPDATE statement in the DATA step and sets up special grouping variables |
CARDS | Indicates that data lines follow | |
CARDS4 | Indicates that data lines that contain semicolons follow | |
DATA | Begins a DATA step and provides names for any output SAS data sets | |
DATALINES | Indicates that data lines follow | |
DATALINES4 | Indicates that data lines that contain semicolons follow | |
FILE | Specifies the current output file for PUT statements | |
FILE, ODS | Defines the structure of the data component that holds the results of the DATA step and binds that component to a template to produce an output object. ODS sends this object to all open ODS destinations, each of which formats the object appropriately. Also controls what happens when the PUT statement tries to write past the end of a line. | |
INFILE | Identifies an external file to read with an INPUT statement | |
INPUT | Describes the arrangement of values in the input data record and assigns input values to the corresponding SAS variables | |
INPUT, Formatted | Reads input values from specified columns and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables | |
INPUT, Column | Reads input values with specified informats and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables | |
INPUT, List | Scans the input data record for input values and assigns them to the corresponding SAS variables | |
INPUT, Named | Reads data values that appear after a variable name that is followed by an equal sign and assigns them to corresponding SAS variables | |
MERGE | Joins observations from two or more SAS data sets into single observations | |
MODIFY | Replaces, deletes, and appends observations in an existing SAS data set in place; does not create an additional copy | |
PUT | Writes lines to the SAS log, to the SAS procedure output file, or to an external file that is specified in the most recent FILE statement | |
PUT, Column | Writes variable values in the specified columns in the output line | |
PUT, Formatted | Writes variable values with the specified format in the output line | |
PUT, List | Writes variable values and the specified character strings in the output line | |
PUT, Named | Writes variable values after the variable name and an equal sign | |
PUT, _ODS_ | Writes data values to a special buffer from which they can be written to the data component, and formatted by ODS destinations | |
SET | Reads an observation from one or more SAS data sets | |
UPDATE | Updates a master file by applying transactions | |
Information | ARRAY | Defines elements of an array |
Array Reference | Describes the elements in an array to be processed | |
ATTRIB | Associates a format, informat, label, and/or length with one or more variables | |
DROP | Excludes variables from output SAS data sets | |
FORMAT | Associates formats with variables | |
INFORMAT | Associates informats with variables | |
KEEP | Includes variables in output SAS data sets | |
LABEL | Assigns descriptive labels to variables | |
LENGTH | Specifies the number of bytes for storing variables | |
MISSING | Assigns characters in your input data to represent special missing values for numeric data | |
RENAME | Specifies new names for variables in output SAS data sets | |
RETAIN | Causes a variable that is created by an INPUT or assignment statement to retain its value from one iteration of the DATA step to the next |
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Copyright 1999 by SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. All rights reserved.