YIELD Function

Language Reference

YIELD Function

calculates yield-to-maturity of a cash-flow stream and returns a scalar

The YIELD function returns a scaler containing yield-to-maturity of a cash-flow stream based on frequency and value specified.

times: is an n-dimensional column vector of times.
Elements should be non-negative.
flows: is an n-dimensional column vector of cash-flows.
freq: is a scalar which represents the base of the rates
to be used for discounting the cash-flows.
If positive, it represents discrete compounding
as the reciprocal of the number of compoundings.
If zero, it represents continuous compounding.
No negative values are allowed.
value: is a scalar which is the discounted present value
of the cash-flows.

The present value relationship can be written as:

$P=\sum_{k=1}^K c(k) D(t_k)$

where P is the present value of the asset, {c(k)}k = 1,..K is the sequence of cash-flows from the asset, t_k is the time to the k-th cash-flow in periods from the present, and D(t) is the discount function for time t.
With continuous compunding:

D(t) = e^{-y t}

With discrete compunding:

D(t) = (1+fy)^-(t/f)

where f > 0 is the frequency, the reciprocal of the number of compoundings per unit time period and y is the yield-to-maturity. The YIELD function solves for y.

Example proc iml;
timesn=do(1,100,1);
timesn=T(timesn);
flows=repeat(10,100);
freq=0;
do while(freq<50);
freq=freq+.25;
end;
value=682.31027;
yield=yield(timesn,flows,freq,value);
print yield;
quit;

YIELD
0.0100001

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