322 Syntax

Exercise 9

Complete the following from Carnie on p. 161:

5. 2) Do this in the X⁰ format.

6. Do this where "'s" is Poss⁰.

• a) No. b) No. c) No. d). Most likely it is an operator adjoined µ¹ (Nbar¹). [Remember, we do not know if quantifiers are operators in Hungarian. If Q is not an operator in H., this should be no surprise since Hungarian is not an Indo-European language.]

7. Let T be T (later I will argue that T is adjoined to VP). On p. 158 C. argues that T is lowered and adjoined to V. Basically, he is right. Do this for modal auxiliaries. Note, modal auxiliaries do not display the ending "s" for the third person singular. Assume it is "ø" for the purposes of this exercise. If you want to cheat, you can look up on my earlier notes, which are linked, to do this exercise.

• Modals are auxiliary verbs, but they are lexical. We now have three kinds of verbs: main [-Aux, +Lex], modals [+Aux, +Lex], and dummy verbs [+Aux, -Lex] (the helper verbs do, be, have. Modals project as V_i⁰. The complement of a modal verb is VP_j. The only operators for modals is T. T is adjoined to V_i¹ (Vbar). The main verb is a short infinitive, not fomred with to. John can (*to) go.