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Introduction
Travel amongst habitiation sites is an important part of every culture, being it by foot, train, automobile, boat or airplane. Developing an understanding of the cultural importance of these modes of transportation in a particular group varies greatly depending on the contextual information available for the groups. Development of these cultural models of transportation frequently relies on a normative framework for the culture, which always leave a portion of the society that does not conform to the mean behaviour outside of this framework. It is these groups of people that can provide the greatest levels of ingenuity to negotiate a more favourable relation within the society they live in.
The region inhabited by the Central Coast Salish peoples, specifically the areas occupied by the Upper and Lower Halkomelem speaking people, provides an excellent opportunity to elaborate on these negotiation that may have gone on between the normative and the idiosyncratic behaviours of the past. In modelling the landscape frictions and least cost routes based on the inability and ability to use the river as transportation , a hypothesis for the development of social relations will be forged showing how limited transportation will become without river access.