How do you calculate the sum of squares (SS)?
answer
What is it about hypotheses that leads researchers to test them instead of theories,
when they are really interested in theories?
answer part 1 answer
part 2 answer part
3
What are Standard errors?
answer 1 example answer
2 for more, see question 6 here
What is the difference between idiographic and nomothetic approaches to research?
What is the difference between explanatory and descriptive research?
Why do researchers test hypotheses instead of theories, when they are really
interested in theories?
What is the difference between concepts and variables?
What are the four levels of scaling and what are the differences between them?
What is the difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling?
What is the difference between probability and non-probability sampling and
why is it important?
What are essential qualities and what role do they play in conceptual and operational
definitions?
What is the difference between concepts and variables?
Why would an intelligent person use the complicated computational equation for
standard deviation rather than the simpler original equation?
Why can't you use standard deviation to describe nominal or ordinal data?
What is the relationship between random error, systematic error, bias, and unreliability?
What increases the amount of sampling variability associated with a random sample?
answer 1 answer
2 answer 3
What is the easiest way to ensure that a sample is representative?
What does it mean to say that a theory is parsimonious?
answer
What does it mean to say that a theory is perspicuous?
answer
In order to know how confident you can be that your sample statistics
are within a specified distance of the population parameters, you need:
answer
In order to determine whether your sample could have come from a population
with a particular mean, you need:
answer
What are the three ways parameters differ from statistics that you need to know
for this course?
answer
What are "generative forces" and what role do they play in theories?
answer part 1 answer
part 2 answer part 3 answer
part 4 answer part 5
Distinguish between probability and non-probability sampling and discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of each.
answer
Discuss the main types of probability sampling methods and explain their strengths
and weaknesses.
answer
What is the "p" in "p < 0.05"?
answer page 125
What can expirements do better than other types of research?
Why are control groups used in experiments? What do they do for you?
Why is random assignment to groups used in experiments? What does it do for you? Why is it so important?
Compare the two-group pretest-posttest design to the two-group posttest only design. What additional information does the pretest give you in the former? What potential sources of invalidity does the pretest allow you to rule out?
Compare the Solomon four-group design to the two-group pretest-posttest design. What additional information do the additional groups give you in the former? What potential sources of invalidity do they allow you to rule out?
How can you determine whether the pretest is influencing the way people respond to the experimental stimulus?
How can you determine whether the pretest is influencing the way people respond to the posttest?
How can you check the validity of the random assignment to conditions?
How do you determine degrees of freedom and the critical value for chi-squared?
How do you determine degrees of freedom and the critical value for a t-test of differences between means?
When should you do a t-test instead of a z-test?
When should you do an F-test instead of a z-test? What can ANOVA do that the other tests for differences between means can’t do?
What can you do with survey methods that you cannot do with other types of research?
What are the main strengths and weaknesses of survey methods?
Compare and contrast Likert scales and semantic differential scales in terms of how they are structured, the situations in which they are most appropriate and useful, and their strengths and weaknesses.
When are multiple-choice questions especially useful?
Design a five-item Likert scale that measures the extent to which people are afraid of mathematics.
Design an eight-item semantic differential questionnaire that measures students' opinion of their instructor's competence as a teacher.
What are the relative strengths and weaknesses of face-to-face interviews, telephone surveys, and self-administered questionnaires.
What factors would be the biggest threats to validity with telephone surveys?
What factors would be the biggest threats to validity with self-administered questionnaires?
What factors would be the biggest threats to validity with face-to-face interviews?
What is the best way to determine whether your respondents' interpretations
of the questions in your survey are in agreement with one another and with yours?
What would you expect to see if they weren't?
Assume you have a random sample of 152 people and the mean is 33.8 and the standard
deviation is 17.49.
What is the grounded theory approach and what is it good for?
What is the nomothetic-deductive approach and what is it good for?
What is the relation between a hypothesis and the theory it is associated with?
What are standard errors and what do they measure?
What is difference between operational and conceptual definitions?
What is the idiographic approach and what is it good for?
What are the four types of measurement and what are they good for?
What is the purpose of confidence estimates?
What is the purpose of the z-test of a single mean?
What is the relation between critical values, sampling variability, and the null hypothesis?
Earphones and earplugs, Inc. wants to focus its marketing for a new compact disc player on young affluent professionals. Their marketing department identified two magazines, Wired Xers and Quiche & Volvo as being especially popular among their target population. The advertising department of Quiche & Volvo claims that the age of its average subscriber is not the same as the average subscriber of Wired Xers. Formulate a pair of research and null hypotheses to test this claim.
Would you be doing a 1-tailed test or a 2-tailed test?
Determine the critical value for a 95% level of confidence (p<0.05).
Draw a normal curve, mark it with z values and ages, and shade the critical region.
The advertising department of Wired Xers argued that, in fact, its readers were younger than those of Quiche & Volvo. Formulate the research and null hypotheses needed to test this contention. Then determine the critical region for a level of significance of p< 0.05.
Would you be doing a 1-tailed test or a 2-tailed test?
Determine the critical value for a 95% level of confidence (p<0.05).
Draw a normal curve, mark it with z values and ages, and shade the critical region.