The following is a machine translatin of the Sao Paulo 50th Year anniversary website. Thanks to Emidio Garde and Leslie Brougham.
Trolebus is completing 50
years in São Paulo.
The system trolebus is part of the history of the city and
fulfills an
important paper in the preservation of the environment and
the
maintenance of the quality of life of million of paulistanos.
Trolebus
diminishes the pollution of air and reaches greaters accelerations
and
speeds in slopes, therefore its engine is electric. Its operation
is
more agile and efficient, without singing and emission of gases.
São Paulo was the precursor of the operation of trolebus
in Brazil
with the implantation of the first string Acclimatization -
Square
João Mendes, in 22 of April of 1949. [2] [INLINE]
The city counts today on a fleet of more than 500 trolebus
that she is
being extended, demonstrating the disposal of the public power
in
guaranteeing an efficient carrier and of quality for the population.
1949 - 1959
Pioneering phase
In 1947, the City hall of S"o Paulo created the CMTC -
Municipal
Company of Carrier Collective to give continuity to the system
of
trams and to extend the network of public carrier.
The first string of trolebus Acclimatization - Square Jo"o
Mendes was
inaugurated in April of 1949. The example of S"o Paulo,
other cities
had implanted similar systems in the decade of 50 as Belo Horizonte,
Salvador, Araraquara and NiterÛi. But it was in the S"o
Paulo capital
that the fleet of trolebus more grew. [3] [INLINE]
In this period, the CMTC imported trolebus of the United States,
of
Germany and England. From there, this system was the main investment
and innovation of the urban collective carrier of S"o
Paulo and came
to substitute the old trams that already did not follow the
evolution
of the city.
With the perspective of growth of the system, the national
industry
started to manufacture electric vehicles in 1958 and the CMTC
ordered
the first batch of trolebus manufactured in Brazil.
1960 - 1971
CMTC - Of operator the assembly plant
[4] [INLINE] The impact caused for the manufacture of automobiles
in
Brazil and the relatively cheap gasoline had redirected the
politics
of urban circulation in the Brazilian cities.
Great avenues had appeared to disencumber the transit. The
trams had
been extinct and the system trolebus announced in other cities
badly
left the paper.
With the retraction of the market, the national industry of
trolebus
soon was disactivated. Expanding discrete its system, the CMTC
needed
vehicles and started to manufacture its proper fleet.
The CMTC became it bigger manufacturer of trolebus of the occidental
world. It assembled about 140 vehicles; the majority still
is in
operation in the city. The system trolebus reached its height
in 1968
with the circulation of 230 vehicles distributed in 14 strings
and 130
an electric network of extension km.
In 1971, the CMTC assembled its last trolebus.
1972 - 1979
Stagnation of the system trolebus
[5] [INLINE] With the crisis of the oil the importance of the
public
carrier was clear in the Brazilian cities, over all of that
one
operated by vehicles that they do not depend on sources you
renewed of
energy as trolebus.
In this period, a great plan was announced that considered
the
implantation of a modern and extensive network of trolebus,
where
would circulate 1.300 trolebus, of articulated which 450, in
exclusive
corridors.
The national industry came back to produce. Still thus, the
fleet aged
and some strings had been disactivated.
In 1979 they had only started to twirl the first vehicles of
the new
generation, inside of the norms defined for bus " Padron
" of 12
meters of size, with diverse technological innovations and
of comfort.
1980 - 1992
Resistance of the system trolebus
[6] [INLINE] In years 80, the Federal Government left to fulfill
its
financial bracket to the City hall of S"o Paulo for the
continuity of
the expansion of the network of trolebus and raised the tariffs
of
electric energy, encarecendo operational costs of the system.
In the end of years 80, the city alone made use of two corridors
of
the considered plan: Paes de Barros, who still today is operated
with
trolebus, and the Saint Amaro Nine of July that had its deprived
of
characteristics design, therefore its operation is not made
exclusively with electric vehicles.
Without priority in the carrier politics, the system trolebus
entered
in a serious crisis.
1993 - 1999
Modernization and expansion of the system trolebus [7] [INLINE]
In years 90, the operation of the system of collective carrier
was
terceirizada and private companies had started to recoup the
fleet of
trolebus of the old CMTC and to more than extend the system
with the
acquisition of 100 new vehicles.
In April of 1998, the Central Circular job was created that
is
operated by trolebus and integrates the Terminals Flag, Park
D. Peter
II and Princesa Isabel in the center of the city.
The different appearance of these trolebus, with adhesive boards
that
reproduce pictures and historical landmarks of S"o Paulo,
marks the
new phase of this system in the Brazilian scene.
Part of new trolebus possesss a technological innovation: IGBT
(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), a component that provides
high
operational reliability to a low cost of maintenance of the
system.
In the fetching for the improvement of the urban carrier, the
SPTrans
develops new technologies and walks for the implantation of
the system
of average capacity, the VLP - Light Vehicle on Tires -, that
it will
be operated by electric vehicles in saw segregated.
In April of this year 18 buses with new adhesive painting had
entered
in operation in string 40 Acclimatization - Axe of Assis that
carries
through passage of the first one the same to be operated with
electric
vehicles. [8] *** TRANSLATION ENDS HERE ***
This page last updated 29 JN 99
